During the Qinb dynasty, Confucian scholars who came under the influ-ence of the mainstream "Han Learning" often relied heavily on the Han Confucian guyi ( 古義 ) to interpret the Classics. They even went so far as to propose new commentaries vis-à-vis the long-standing Shisanjing Zhushu ( 十三經注疏 ). Given the influence of this scholarly direction, Li Yide ( 李貽德 ) had great respect for the scholarship of Qian-Jia scholars such as Sun Xingyen ( 孫星衍 ) and Hong Liangji ( 洪亮吉 ). Drawing substantially on the results of their works, Li compiled the Zouzhuan ( 左傳 ) commentaries by Jia Kui ( 賈逵 ) and Fu Qian ( 服虔 ), and thereby made significant advancements towards the completion of new subcommentaries. These new commentaries and subcommentaries constituted the major accomplishments of the Qing studies of Confucian Classics. Within the Zouzhuan studies, in particular, Li Deyi's work undoubtedly occupied a vital position in the development from guyi to new subcommentaries.