Memory for Narrative Texts: How do Parts of the Landscape Model Work__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	Memory for Narrative Texts: How do Parts of the Landscape Model Work
書刊名：	中華心理學刊
作者：	曾玉村
作者(外文)：	Tzeng, Yuhtsuen
出版日期：	2007
卷期：	49:3
頁次：	頁245-269
主題關鍵詞：	理解的模擬；景觀模式；文章記憶；Comprehension modeling；Landscape model；Text memory
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:2 共同引用:0 點閱:40

理解的計算理論被視為是研究理解過程所發生的認知歷程與理解結束所形成的記憶表徵的一種有效的方式。本文旨在探討一個特定的理解的計算理論－景觀模式，試圖檢驗與建立其理論的效度。實驗1-a企圖尋找一組合適的參數組合得以有效預測參與者對短篇故事體文章的回憶量，進一步將這一組的參數值套用於實驗1-b，並且將模擬的結果再與參與者對另外的短篇故事體文章的回憶量比對，發現景觀模式預測力仍然良好，足證這個模式的效力並不完成依賴參數值的選定，而是該模式本身就有一定的效力。實驗2再以模擬的方式檢驗景觀模式對各種激發來源的預設值是否合理，結果發現如果改變原先預設的激發值的話，模式的預測力大為降低，足證預設的激發值具有合理性，也支持該模式假定之因果推論及指稱詞推論卻實是理解過程必要之推論機制。本文也討論諸多本研究的限制與未來的研究方向。

以文找文

A computational approach is desirable for dealing with the complex nature of processes and memory representations in text comprehension. The study focused on a particular model of comprehension-the Landscape model-seeking to establish its validity. Study 1-a explored several conditions of the model and examined the model's ability to account for human recall data for short narratives. Parameter values were set for optimal conditions and cross-validated in Study 1-b for new story materials. The model showed high stability in accounting for these new texts, indicating its predictive power does not come from choices of particular parameter values. Several simulations in Study 2 revealed that the model's assumptions concerning the necessities of anaphoric and causal inferences were validated. The model's scheme of assigning activation values for different sources of activation was also supported because modifications of the current scheme reduced performance of the model. Limitations and several lines of future research are discussed.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Gernsbacher, M. A.、Faust, M. E.(1991)。The mechanism of suppression: a component of general comprehension skill。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition，17(2)，245-262。
2.	Just, M. A.、Carpenter, P. A.(1992)。A capacity theory of comprehension: In-dividual differences in working memory。Psychological Review，99(1)，122-149。
3.	Gernsbacher, M. A.(1989)。Mechanisms that improve referential access。Cognition，32(2)，99-156。
4.	Landauer, T.、Dumais, S. T.(1997)。A solution to Plato’s problem: The latent semantic analysis theory of acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge。Psychological Review，104(2)，211-240。
5.	Kiln, C. M.、Myers, J. L.(1993)。Reinstatement of causal information during reading。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition，19，554-560。
6.	Dell, G. S.、McKoon, G.、Ratcliff, R.(1983)。The Activation of Antecedent Information during the Processing of Anaphoric Reference in Reading。Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior，22，121-132。
7.	Haviland, S. E.、Clark, H. H.(1974)。What's new? Acquiring new information as a process in comprehension。Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior，13，512-521。
8.	Kintsch, Walter(1988)。The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: A construction-integration model。Psychological Review，95(2)，163-182。
9.	Mckoon, R.、Ratcliff, G.(1992)。Inferences During Reading。Psychological Review，99，440-466。
10.	Van Den Broek, P. W.、Lorch, R. F., Jr.(1993)。Network Representations of Causal Relations in Memory for Narrative Texts: Evidence from Primed Recognition。Discourse Processes，16，75-98。
11.	Gillund, G.、Shiffrin, R. M.(1984)。A Retrieval Model for both Recognition and Recall。Psychological Review，91(1)，1-67。
12.	Dopkins, S.、Klin, C.、Myers, J. L.(1993)。Accessibility of Information about Goals during the Processing of Narrative Texts。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition，19，70-80。
13.	Bloom, C. P.、Fletcher, C. R、Van Den Broek, P.、Reitz, L.、Shapiro, B. P.(1990)。An Online Assessment of Causal Reasoning during Comprehension。Memory & Cognition，18，65-71。
14.	Miller, R. R.、Barnet, R. C.、Grahame, N. J.(1995)。Assessment of the Rescorla-Wagner Model。Psychological Bulletin，117(3)，363-386。
15.	McClelland, J. L.、Rumelhart, D. L.(1985)。Distributed Memory and the Representation of General and Specific Information。Journal of Experimental Psychology: General，114，159-188。
16.	Duffy, S. A.、Rayner, K.(1990)。Eye Movement and Anaphor Resolution: Effects of Antecedent Typicality and Distance。Language and Speech，33，103-119。
17.	Linderholm, T.、Virtue, S.、Tzeng, Y.、Van Den Broek, P.(2004)。Fluctuations in the Availability of Information during Reading: Capturing Cognitive Processes Using the Landscape Model。Discourse Processes，37(2)，165-186。
18.	Gluck, M. A.、Bower, G. H.(1988)。From Conditioning to Category Learning: An Adaptive Network Model。Journal of Experimental Psychology: General，117(3)，227-247。
19.	Trabasso, T.、Van Den Broek, P. W.、Suh, S. Y.(1989)。Logical Necessity and Transivity of Causal Relations in Stories。Discourse Processes，12，1-25。
20.	Ehrlich, K.、Rayner, K.(1983)。Pronoun Assignment and Semantic Integration during Reading: Eye Movement and Immediacy of Processing。Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior，22，75-87。
21.	Tzeng, Y.、van den Broek, P.、Kendeou, P.、Lee, C.(2005)。The Computational Implementation of the Landscape Model: Modeling Inferential Processes and Memory Representations of Text Comprehension。Behavior Research Methods，37(2)，277-286。
22.	Kendeou, P.、Van Den Broek, P.(2005)。The Effects of Readers' Misconceptions on Comprehension of Scientific Text。Journal of Educational Psychology，97，235-245。
23.	Singer, M.、Halldorson, M.、Lear, J. C.、Andrusiak, P.(1992)。Validation of Causal Bridging Inferences in Discourse Understanding。Journal of Memory and Language，31，507-524。

會議論文
1.	Zhang, J.、Johnson, T. R.、Wang, H.(1996)。Order Effects and Frequency Learning in Belief Updating。Hillsdale, NJ。
2.	Wang, H.、Johnson, R. J.、Zhang, J.(1998)。UEcho: A Model of Uncertainty Management in Human Abductive Reasoning。Hillsdale, NJ。1113-1118。

學位論文
1.	Thurlow, R E.(1991)。The Inference of Causal Antecedents during the Reading of Narratives，0。

圖書
1.	Anderson, J. R.(1995)。Learning and Memory: An Integrated Approach。New York, NY：John Wiley & Sons。
2.	Gernsbacher, Morton Ann(1990)。Language Comprehension as Structure Building。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
3.	van Dijk, Teun Adrianus、Kintsch, Walter(1983)。Strategies of discourse comprehension。Academic Press。
4.	Van Den Broek, P. W.(1994)。Comprehension and Memory of Narratives Texts: Inferences and Coherence。Handbook of Psycholinguistics。New York。
5.	Barto, A. G.(1990)。Connectionist Learning for Control: An Overview。Neural Network for Control。Cambridge, MA。
6.	Garrod, S.、Sanford, A.(1990)。Referential Processes in Reading: Focusing on Roles and Individuals。Comprehension Processes in Reading。New York, NY。
7.	Singer, M.(1994)。Inference Generation during Reading。Handbook of Psycholinguistics。New York, NY。
8.	Fletcher, C. R.(1994)。Levels of Representation in Memory for Discourse. Comprehension and Memory of Narratives Texts: Inferences and Coherence。Handbook of Psycholinguistics。New York, NY。
9.	Van Den Broek, P. W.、Risden, K.、Fletcher, C. R.、Thurlow, R.(1996)。A "Landscape" View of Reading: Fluctuating Patterns of Activation and the Construction of a Stable Memory Representation。Models of Understanding Text。Hillsdale, NJ。
10.	Van Den Broek, P. W.、Young, M.、Tzeng, Y.、Linderholm, T.(1999)。The Landscape Model of Reading: Inferences and the on-line Construction of a Memory Representation。The Construction of Mental Representations during Reading。Mahwah, NJ。
11.	Graesser, A. C.、Olde, B.、Klettke, B.(2005)。How Does the Mind Construct and Represent Stories?。Narrative Impact。Mahwah, NJ。

其他
1.	Goldman, S. R.，Golden, R.，Van Den Broek, P.。Why are Computational Models of Text Comprehension Useful?，0。

圖書論文
1.	Van den Broek, P.(1990)。The causal inference maker: Towards a process model of inference generation in text comprehension。Comprehension processes in reading。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
2.	Trabasso, T.、Secco, T.、Van den Broek, P. W.(1984)。Causal cohesion and story coherence。Learning and comprehension of text。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。

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