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題名:公民有拒戰的權利嗎?--華瑟的自由主義論證及其商榷
書刊名:臺灣社會研究季刊
作者:陳宜中 引用關係
作者(外文):Chen, I-chung
出版日期:2008
卷期:71
頁次:頁71-108
主題關鍵詞:華瑟戰爭拒戰良心拒絕自我保存WalzerWarWar refusalConscientious refusalSelf-preservation
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面對統治者出於各種因素所發動、挑起、導致或遭致的戰爭,公民是否有權利進行批判,甚至起而反抗?被強制徵召到的公民,無論是平民還是軍人,又是否有權利拒絕戰爭動員?在任何情況下,公民都有絕對服從於軍令的政治義務嗎?本文以「公民是否有拒戰的權利」作為問題意識,以著名的義戰理論家華瑟作為討論對象,對其拒戰權利理論進行分析和批評,以釐清支持拒戰權利的道德理由可能何在,並探究其倫理和政治意涵。本文通過分析指出,華瑟為公民拒戰權利(亦即免於強制性戰爭動員的權利、以及抵抗強制性戰爭動員的權利)所提供之辯護,係建立於「自我保存」的道德理由。雖然他的論證有效凸顯出「自我保存」的政治道德份量,但卻仍有值得斟酌之處,尤其未能從美國以外的全球視野,更充分地開展公民拒戰權利的豐富意涵。通過理論與現實的交錯對照,本文對華瑟的自由主義論證進行商榷,從而指出一些更具批判性的思考方向。
Do citizens have a right to war refusal? What does such a right mean, morally and politically? Could it be justified? And how could it ever be partially realized in the present-day world of nation-states? Through a critical examination of Michael Walzer's liberal arguments, this article aims to clarify several important ethical and political issues regarding the “right to war refusal” and its realization.
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