台灣對於高中學生以低分進入高等教育機構一事，引發各界的討論。行政 院長表示，考慮採取會考作為檢測學生素質之用。本文針對此一議題，以法國、 德國、俄羅斯、澳洲與中國大陸為比較對象，探討高中畢業考試與高等教育入 學考試的目的、實施及區隔。本文之研究發現，無論採用何種考試，乃以考試 作為監控學生素質的機制；其次，德國、法國與中國大陸高中會考的實施，採 多元、多次與不同時程；最後，法國、德國、俄羅斯與澳洲的高等教育入學採 申請制，高中在校成績或高中會考為參考依據。至於中國大陸則採用考試分發 制度，高中會考成績並不列入考量。文中所提五國，僅中國大陸兩種考試並存， 但自2000 年以來，中國部分地方逐漸廢除高中會考。結論中提出，若考慮台灣 的歷史文化，實不宜設立高中會考。

Low quality of high school graduates has caused serious concern in Taiwan. To upgrade the quality, the Premier Minister of Taiwan has suggested tests to monitor students' learning performance. Learning from the educational practices of France, Germany, Russia, Australia and China, this article is comparing the aims of High School Graduate Test (HSGT) and Higher Education Entrance Examination (HSEE) to see their differences. Our study points out: First, the five countries which adopted HSGT or HEEE have a double purpose: to screen students and also to monitor students' learning performance. Second, HSGT in Germany, France and China is taken by written test, oral test or practical performance and the number of tests can carried out in different semesters. Finally, students in France, Germany, Russia and Australia are accepted into universities with either HSGT or HSEE scores. As to China, students are assigned to universities by HEEE scores only. The study of these five countries shows that no system has a greater advantage. Therefore, considering Taiwan's history and culture, it is not appropriate to develop HSGT in Taiwan.