This paper tries to argue, in the epistemological level, the originality and the importance of the work of Wang Hui. As one of the most important figures of the intellectual filed in Mainland China, he uses the concept of the “personal identity” to understand the contradictory characteristics of the work of Lou Xun. This problematic leads him to elaborate the notion of “historical identity” and to reflect upon the May Fourth Enlightened Movement. This change does not only mean the enlargement of scope, but also the transformation of perspectives, he moves his focus from the investigation of the content to that of the conditions of possibility. Further, he proposes the concept of “cultural identity” to approach the problematic of Chinese modernity. The problematic he builds not only liberates the category of “China” from the statue of object, but in meantime challenges the legitimation of the social and human sciences’ differentiation and the validity of existent concepts in that field established since the 19 century.