本文通過對1980至1990年代中國大陸的思想狀況的綜述性批評，分析在這一歷史巨變的過程中，知識分子如何喪失了他們對於現實的批評能力。1980年代的思想解放運動和文化討論建立在封建╱現代的二元論之上，從而將對歷史的批判轉化為對當代進程的自我確證：這一思想方式在1990年代則轉化為新的市場主義意識形態，無法對市場化過程及其與政治的關係作出有力的分析，從而無法切實有效地提供民主實踐的理論思考。1990年代的思想和文化計論在很大程度上仍然束縳在現代化的意識形態框架內部，一方面未能開掘隱藏在1980年代思想遺產中的批判思想，另一方面則喪失了對日益激進化的「全球化」和「自發私有化」過程的批判能力。

　　　　　The paper aims at an analysis of how Chinese intellectuals lost their critical ability on reality in the transitional period from 1980 to 1990 through a comprehensive review on intellectual discussions in 1990s. In 1980s, the movement of thought liberation and cultural discussions started from the dichotomy of feudalism and modermization and transformed the critique of modern history into a self-assertion of contemporary process itself. In 1990s, the dichotomy has been transformed into a new market ideology wich failed to reveal the internal connections between the process of marketization and mainland context. The intellectual discussions in 1990s were limited by the ideological teleology of modernization and failed to develop critical factors of new enlightenment in 1980 on the one hand, lost the ability to criticize the process of globalization and so-called "spontaneous privatization".