愛滋病防治為目前全球所面臨之重要議題，世界各國積極尋求有效愛滋防治策略及方法，愛滋病個案管理制度即為其中公認有效之方法。美國為世界上最早推行愛滋病個案管理制度的國家，其推展實施愛滋病個案管理約有23年的歷史。台灣自2007年起全面推廣愛滋病個案管理計畫，目前仍屬初期發展階段，與美國之愛滋病個案管理制度相較，二者之間有差異性存在，包括：個管組織結構、個案收案條件、個管單位屬性、個管師資格及條件、個管執行內容以及個管執行場域等層面之差異。作者建議將愛滋高風險行為者納入個管收案對象，進行「預防性個案管理」，以及早導正該類族群之危險行為，另建議扶植國內愛滋防治民間團體，發展社區組織(Community-Based Organization, CBO)個案管理模式，可先透過試辦計畫進行前驅性研究，以尋求建立愛滋病個案管理多元化之照護模式。此外，於個管計畫執行過程中，應重視及落實個管計畫執行結果評值之重要性。

Countries around the world have been searching for effective strategies to prevent HIV/AIDS. Among all the existing strategies, HIV case management appears to be the most effective. The United States was the first country to implement HIV case management twenty-three years ago. In Taiwan, HIV case management has been carried out since January 2007. When comparing our HIV case management with that of the United States, we discovered differences in organizational structure, client eligibility, apply unit eligibility, case manager qualifications, and the content of and areas for case management. We therefore have the following suggestions: first, to categorize people with high-risk behavior as a 'preventative case management' group for early correction of that behavior; second, to develop a pilot Community-Based Organization (CBO) HIV case management model to provide HIV clients with more choices; third, to emphasize evaluation of case management throughout the process.