The protection of the personality rights is a core value in contemporary jurisprudence thinking. The right of name is one of the personality rights, the most fundamental rights that are protected by the Constitution in Taiwan. Men and women have equal rights in the society of Taiwan. And, correspondingly, the right of name has long been protected under existing law. However, it had been customary and deemed as fathers’ privilege that children born to married couples were given their father’s surname at birth. It gradually becomes the rights of both parents to choose between either of their surnames in recent years. Ironically, Parents promise to protect children but forget to accord them the basic human rights of the right of surname, which is constitutionally protected. According to article 18 of the civil law, anyone may file a motion with the court that seeks for protection when a violation of personality rights occurs to him. This clearly shows the wholeness, exclusiveness and inviolableness of the personality rights in protecting individual personality; and how civil law jurisdiction based on the constitution provides the substantial protection on personality rights such as the right to the inviolability and integrity. Due to severe legal constrains, requesting a change of surname is very difficult. It leads to a serious problem for single-parent families. This article is discussing the ownership of one’s personality rights. The surname of an individual should not be decided arbitrarily by either of his/her parents. The primary purpose of this article is to reinforce the idea that ‘anyone should have the right to choose his/her own surname between either of their parents’”. The article 1159 of the civil law should be amended as soon as possible in order to facilitate legal process of surname changing for those in need.