Typhoon Morakot struck Taiwan from 5th to 10th August, 2009 and caused serious damage in the middle and southern part of Taiwan. Totally, more than 2, 600 mm rain fell on the watershed of Tsengwen Reservoir during that period. Under the effect of a rainfall type of high intensity with long duration, a large amount of landslides occurred. The landslide area account to 1, 467 ha totally. The sediment produced by landslide not only increases the amount of sediment deposition in the reservoir but also lift the elevation of channel bed. It is even a risk for hydraulic structures. The Disaster Prevention Research Center of National Cheng-Kung University made field investigations, survey of channel sections to realize the topographic and geographic changes after Typhoon Morakot. The work belongs to a part of a project given by Water Resource Agency Bureau South. Those results were used to calibrate a numerical model. The hydrograph was then set as the initial condition to calculate the sediment budget by using the numerical model. It suggests that the arbitraries at the upper part of the watershed are the main sediment yield sources, and the deposit depth within the channel is about to 5 m. It is then necessary to make further observation of the deposited sediment. In order to keep the storage capacity and maintain the conservation of the watershed, dredge measures are needed to be taken in the next time.