目的：本研究主要目的為探討我國大學各級男、女籃球選手身材與體能之間的差異，並與國外優秀籃球選手的體能研究做比較。方法：受詴者為各級選手共81位（男45人，女36人），以不擺臂蹲跳及擺臂跨步垂直跳檢測下肢爆發力，20公尺衝刺檢測速度，505測詴檢測敏捷度，5×6秒間歇測驗檢測無氧動力，及20公尺多階段折返跑估計最大攝氧量。結果：男子部份，身高；擺臂跨步垂直跳；5×6秒間歇測驗之平均功率、總作功及動力遞減率；速度與最大攝氧量皆達顯著差異。女子部份，擺臂跨步垂直跳；5×6秒間歇測驗最大功率、平均功率、總作功及動力遞減率；速度及敏捷性；以及最大攝氧量皆達顯著差異。結論：本研究顯示，大致上甲一級選手的體能表現較為優異，但與國外優秀籃球選手相比，間歇無氧動力、速度與敏捷性和有氧能力仍然偏低，宜個別選擇合適的訓練方式強化。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical and physiological characteristics of university basketball players in 3 different divisions in Taiwan. Method: Eighty-one players (45 male and 36 female) from 3 divisions were involved in this study. The explosive power of the lower limbs was measured by counter movement jump and squat jump. The speed was measured by 20 m sprint. The 505 test was used to measure agility. The anaerobic power of the lower limbs was measured with a 5×6-second repeat-effort test. The maximal oxygen consumption was estimated by a 20-meter multistage shuttle run test. Results: In males, significantly differences in height, weight, power in counter movement jump, intermittent anaerobic power, speed, and maximal oxygen consumption were found among the divisions. In females, significantly differences in power in counter movement jump, intermittent anaerobic power, speed, agility, and maximal oxygen consumption were found among the divisions Conclusions: Generally, the first division players had better physical fitness levels. However, the first division players showed lower performance in intermittent anaerobic power, speed, agility, and aerobic power compared to elite players in other countries. This study suggested that appropriate training methods could be used to improve the aforementioned fitness abilities in Taiwanese university basketball players.