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來源文獻資料
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引文資料
題名:
Assessing Text Readability Using Hierarchical Lexical Relations Retrieved from WordNet
書刊名:
International Journal of Computational Linguistics & Chinese Language Processing
作者:
Lin, Shu-yen
/
Su, Cheng-chao
/
Lai, Yu-da
/
Yang, Li-chin
/
Hsieh, Shu-kai
出版日期:
2009
卷期:
14:1
頁次:
頁45-83
主題關鍵詞:
Readability
;
Prototype theory
;
WordNet
;
Basic level words
;
Compounds
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
3
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
3
共同引用:0
點閱:32
Although some traditional readability formulas have shown high predictive validity in the r = 0.8 range and above (Chall & Dale, 1995), they are generally not based on genuine linguistic processing factors, but on statistical correlations (Crossley et al., 2008). Improvement of readability assessment should focus on finding variables that truly represent the comprehensibility of text as well as the indices that accurately measure the correlations. In this study, we explore the hierarchical relations between lexical items based on the conceptual categories advanced from Prototype Theory (Rosch et al., 1976). According to this theory and its development, basic level words like guitar represent the objects humans interact with most readily. They are acquired by children earlier than their superordinate words like stringed instrument and their subordinate words like acoustic guitar. Accordingly, the readability of a text is presumably associated with the ratio of basic level words it contains. WordNet (Fellbaum, 1998), a network of meaningfully related words, provides the best online open source database for studying such lexical relations. Our study shows that a basic level noun can be identified by its ratio of forming compounds (e.g. chair armchair) and the length difference in relation to its hyponyms. We compared graded readings for American children and high school English readings for Taiwanese students by several readability formulas and in terms of basic level noun ratios (i.e. the number of basic level noun types divided by the number of noun types in a text ). It is suggested that basic level noun ratios provide a robust and meaningful index of lexical complexity, which is directly associated with text readability.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Brown, Roger(1958)。How shall a thing be called?。Psychological Review,65(1),14-21。
2.
Crossley, S. A.、Greenfield, J.、McNamara, D. S.(2008)。Assessing Text Readability Using Cognitively Based Indices。TESOL Quarterly,42(3),475-493。
3.
Rosch, Eleanor、Mervis, Carolyn B.、Gray, Wayne D.、Johnson, David M.、Boyes-Braem, Penny(1976)。Basic objects in natural categories。Cognitive Psychology,8(3),382-439。
4.
Flesch, Rudolf F.(1948)。A New Readability Yardstick。Journal of Applied Psychology,32(3),221-233。
5.
Coleman, Linda、Kay, Paul(1981)。Prototype semantics: The English word lie。Language,57(1),26-44。
6.
Rosch, Eleanor H.、Mervis, Carolyn B.(1975)。Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories。Cognitive Psychology,7(4),573-605。
7.
Just, M. A.、Carpenter, P. A.(1980)。A Theory of Reading: From Eye Fixations to Comprehension。Psychological Review,87(4),329-354。
8.
McNamara, D. S.、Kintsch, E.、Butler-Songer, N.、Kintsch, W.(1996)。Are good texts always better? Text coherence, background knowledge, and levels of understanding in learning from text。Cognition and Instruction,14,1-43。
9.
Dale, E.、Chall, J. S.(1948)。A Formula for Predicting Readability: Instructions。Educational Research Bulletin,27(2),37-54。
10.
Cohen, J. H.(1975)。The Effects of Content are Material on Cloze Test Performance。Journal of Reading,19(3),247-250。
11.
Das, S.、Roychoudhury, R.(2006)。Readability Modelling and Comparison of One and Two Parametric Fit: A Case Study in Bangla。Journal of Quantitative Linguistics,13,17-34。
12.
Davison, A.、Kantor, Robert(1982)。On the Failure of Readability Formulas to Define Readable Texts: A Case Study from Adaptations。Reading Research Quarterly,17,187-209。
13.
Bailin, A.、Grafstein, A.(2001)。The Linguistic Assumptions Underlying Readability Formulae: A Critique。Language and Communication,21(3),285-301。
14.
Flesch, R.(1950)。Measuring the Level of Abstraction。Journal of Applied Psychology,34,384-390。
15.
Kay, P.(1971)。Taxonomy and Semantic Contrast。Language,866-887。
16.
Hua, N.、Wang, G.(2007)。Lun Chuantong Keduxing Gongshi de Bu-Kexuexing。KaoShiZhouKan,18,119-120。
17.
Schriver, K. A.(2000)。Readability Formulas in the New Millennium: What's the Use?。ACM Journal of Computer Documentation,24(3),138-140。
18.
Wiener, M.、Rubano, M.、Shilkret, R.(1990)。A Measure of Semantic Complexity among Predications。Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,19(2),103-123。
19.
Fry, E.(1968)。A readability formula that saves time。Journal of Reading,11,513-516+575-578。
會議論文
1.
Lakoff, George(1986)。Classifiers as a reflection of mind。Amsterdam。13-52。
2.
Crossley, S. A.、Dufty, D. F.、McCarthy, P. M.(2007)。Toward a New Readability: A Mixed Model Approach。Austin, TX。197-202。
3.
Heilman, M.、Collins-Thompson, K.、Callan, James P.、Eskenazi, M.(2007)。Combining Lexical and Grammatical Features to Improve Readability Measures for First and Second Language Texts。New York。460-467。
4.
McCallum, D. R.、Peter, J. L.(1982)。Computer-based Readability Indices。The ACM'82 Conference。New York。
5.
Miltsakaki, E.、Troutt, A.(2007)。Read-X: Automatic Evaluation of Reading Difficulty of Web Text。Chesapeake, VA。7280-7286。
學位論文
1.
Flesch, R.(1943)。Marks of Readable Writing: A Study in Adult Education Style,New York。
圖書
1.
Rosch, E.(1977)。Human categorization。Studies in cross-cultural psychology。New York:Academic Press。
2.
Tversky, B.(1990)。Where partonomies and taxonomies meet。Meanings and Prototypes: Studies on Linguistic Categorization。London:Tsohatzidis。
3.
Rayner, K.、Pollatsek, A.(1994)。The psychology of reading。Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall。
4.
Chall, J. S.、Dale, E.(1995)。Readability revisited: The new Dale-Chall readability formula。Brookline Books。
5.
Thorndike, E. L.(1921)。The teacher's word book。New York:Teachers College, Columbia University。
6.
Ungerer, F.、Schmid, H. J.(2006)。An introduction to cognitive linguistics。London:Edinburgh:Pearson Education:Pearson。
7.
Perfetti, C. A.(1985)。Reading ability。Oxford University Press。
8.
Fellbaum, Christiane(1998)。WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database。MIT Press。
9.
Kintsch, Walter(1974)。The representation of meaning in memory。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
10.
Rubin, A.(1985)。How Useful are Readability Formulas?。Reading education: Foundations for a literate America。Lexington, MA。
其他
1.
Coh-Metrix (Version 2.0)。Memphis, TN: University of Memphis, Institute for Intelligent Systems。
2.
Reading Comprehensions。
3.
McNamara, D. S.,Louwerse, M. M.,Graesser, Arthur C.(2002)。Coh-Metrix: Automated Cohesion and Coherence Scores to Predict Readability and Facilitate Comprehension,University of Memphis。
4.
Natural Language Toolkit。
5.
Readability Calculations。
6.
(2006)。Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University。
圖書論文
1.
Rosch, Eleanor H.(1978)。Principles of categorization。Cognition and Categorization。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
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