民國29至30年間，時在中日抗戰，上海已經淪陷，當時江南散出的藏書紛紛在此求售，以致各方競購。淪陷區中若干學人憂心文獻流落異域，國故不存，遂籌組「文獻保存同志會」，在國民政府的支持下，與時在重慶的中央圖書館合作，展開大規模的善本古籍蒐購行動。兩年間雖然在敵偽環伺下倍感艱辛，但是蒐購成果卻相當豐碩，不但即時搶救了許多重要藏家的精品，並且奠定了中央圖書館的善本收藏，進一步充實中央圖書館所藏的明代史料，而成為日後獨步全球的館藏特色。鄭振鐸當時身在上海淪陷區，是蒐購行動的關鍵人物，他不但連絡各方、擘畫全局，更身兼訪書、論價、編目⋯⋯等等多種角色，鄭振鐸學諳中西，醉心國故，更留意邦國文獻；他本身既是文學家，也是愛書人，更投身於史料文獻的整理工作。本文首先概述上海淪陷區蒐購古籍的大要，再詳述當時的購書目標及購書方法，並且將蒐購的成果分析歸納為四個特色，分別是：明代史料、四庫相關著述、宋元版刻、鈔校本及稿本，最後強調鄭振鐸在整個蒐購行動中所扮演的角色。本文取資於許多當時的檔案及書信，包括鄭振鐸為蒐購工作所寫的歷次報告書、鄭振鐸與中央圖書館蔣復璁館長的信函、鄭振鐸與「文獻保存同志會」先進張壽鏞的信函。這些檔案及書信有幸保存至今，成為吾人瞭解當時工作的第一手史料。本館正在整理館藏史料檔案，並且已將抗戰時期蒐購古籍相關檔案整理完畢，透過目前有關此一蒐購工作已公佈及未公佈的資料，可以進一步描繪出鄭振鐸在整個發展中所扮演的角色，特別是從鄭振鐸的個人書信中可以窺見他的思緒脈絡，所以本文也顯示了書信所具有的文獻價值。

Following the fall of Shanghai during the Sino-Japanese War in 1940-41, large quantities of rare books were released from the hands of private collectors and were sold on the open market. There were many buyers eager to purchase these books, including organizations and theirs representatives from countries such as Japan and the United States. In an attempt to prevent these valuable books from being moved abroad, a few scholars formed a team called the “Document Preservation Comrades.” With the support of the Government, they cooperated with the National Central Library to begin buying up these books. In this way, many fine books from important private collections were retained, and in the process the well-known rare book collections of the National Central Library were formed. This article first summarizes the main points of the acquisition of these rare books in Shanghai, and then describes in detail the objectives of the project and the methods used. The contents of the acquisition are then summarized in four categories: Ming dynasty historical documents, Si ku quan shu 四庫全書 related writings, Song and Yuan woodblock prints, and handwritten and proofreading copies and manuscripts. Finally, the article emphasizes the role Zheng Zhenduo 鄭振鐸played in the process of the acquisition as task planner and coordinator, buyer, and cataloguer. This article draws from many original documents including several work reports written by Zheng Zhenduo himself, and surviving correspondence with his team. Many of these documents are preserved in the National Central Library’s collection.