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題名：「人權與主權的對立、共存與規避」：論述《國家保護責任》在人道干預上的意涵及重要性
書刊名：東吳政治學報
作者：蔡育岱 引用關係
作者(外文)：Tsai, Yu-tai
出版日期：2010
卷期：28:4
頁次：頁1-36
主題關鍵詞：國家保護責任；國際人權；人道干預；干預和國家主權委員會；Responsibility to protect；International human rights；Humanitarian intervention；ICISS
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相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(6)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:42
  • 點閱點閱:83
本文旨在對《國家保護責任》（俗稱R2P）概念進行探討。《國家保護責任》為2001年加拿大「干預和國家主權委員會」為回應前聯合國秘書長安南而提出。「保護責任」核心為主權國家有責任保護其國家公民免遭四種罪行的迫害：包括種族滅絕、戰爭罪行、違反人道罪以及種族淨化等，強調主權國家有一種保護其所有公民的責任，倘若國家無此能力，必須由更廣泛的國際社會來承擔此一責任。然而這種屬人道干預的「保護責任」倡議卻明顯的違背傳統主權國家的「不干預」、「主權平等」等原則。鑑於冷戰後國際社會對保護人民轉而介入破壞主權原則爭論不休，爰本文目的將在「保護責任」的架構下，以「對立、共存與規避」概念探析人權與主權關聯、《國家保護責任》的法源基礎，以及國際社會目前的具體實踐，用以檢視《國家保護責任》是否已成為國際社會中的新規範，繼而論述《國家保護責任》在人道干預上的意涵及重要性。
The term “Responsibility to Protect” was first presented in the report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, ICISS in December 2001. The Commission had been formed in response to Kofi Annan’s question of when the international community must intervene for human protection purposes. The R2P stresses that states have the primary responsibility to protect their population from the action of humanitarian intervention. It focuses on the responsibility of the international community to take timely and decisive action to prevent and halt genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes and crimes against humanity when a state is manifestly failing to protect its population. However, obviously, humanitarian intervention, as advocates of R2P, has rightly threatened the traditional rights of sovereign nations. There is a conflict between the R2P and other norms in the institution of sovereignty, such as non-interference and sovereign equality. Also, the argument has gained ground that, in certain cases, the only way to protect human rights is for the international community to violate the sovereignty of a particular state in order to protect the human rights of people within that state. Hence, how this problem plays itself out, and how it affects the status of the concept in sovereignty will be explored in this paper. In addition, in order to determine whether it is justified to speak of R2P as an emerging norm of international society, this paper explores a discussion of the relevance of human rights and sovereignty, analyzing the concept of the R2P and its legal basis and how the approach of confrontation, coexistence and circumvention between the sovereignty and the R2P is currently being implemented and practiced by the international society. Finally, the paper explores a discussion of some reflections on the discourse of the “Responsibility to Protect” and its value and significance in humanitarian intervention.
期刊論文
1.Rogers, A. P. V.(2004)。Humanitarian Intervention and International Law。Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy，27，725-736。  new window
2.Evans, Gareth(2006)。From Humanitarian Intervention to the Responsibility to Protect。Wisconsin International Law Journal，24(3)，702-722。  new window
3.Simon, Steve G.(1993)。The Contemporary Legality of Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention。California Western International Law，24，117-153。  new window
4.Oberleitner, Gerd(2005)。Human Security: A Challenge to International Law?。Global Governance，11(2)，185-203。  new window
5.許國賢(20080600)。民主統治與防衛式人民主權。東吳政治學報，26(2)，1-38。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.蔡育岱、譚偉恩(20080300)。從「國家」到「個人」：人類安全概念之分析。問題與研究，47(1)，151-188。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Levy, Daniel.(2006)。“Sovereignty Transformed: A Sociology of Human Rights.”。British Journal of Sociology，57, 4，657-676。  new window
8.Matsukuma, Jun.(2005)。“Emerging Norms of the Responsibility to Protect.”。The Seinan Law Reviews，38, 2，106-118。  new window
9.Merriam, John J.(2001)。“Kosovo and the Law of Humanitarian Intervention.”。Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law，33, 1，111-154。  new window
10.Mwagiru, Makumi.(1994)。“International Law, Politics, and the Reinvention of Humanitarian Intervention: the Lesson of Somalia.”。India Journal of International Law，34，33-44。  new window
11.Simma, Bruno.(1999)。“NATO, the UN and the Use of Force: Legal 32 Aspects.”。European Journal of International Law，10, 1，1-22。  new window
12.Soros, George.(2004)。“The People's Sovereignty.”。Foreign Policy，140，66-67。  new window
13.Weinert, Matthew S.(2007)。“Bridging the Human Rights-Sovereignty Divide: Theoretical Foundations of A Democratic Sovereignty.”。Human Rights Review，8, 2，5-32。  new window
14.Weiss, Thomas G.(2004)。“The Sunset of Humanitarian Intervention: The Responsibility to Protect in a Unipolar Era.”。Security Dialogue，35, 2，135-153。  new window
圖書
1.Frost, Mervyn(1996)。Ethics in International Relations: A Constitutive Theory。Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Zaum, Dominik.(2007)。The Sovereignty Paradox: The Norms and Politics of International State Building。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Bertram, Christopher(2003)。Rousseau and The Social Contract。London：Routledge。  new window
4.Frerks, Georg and Berma Klein Goldewijk(2007)。Human Security and International Insecurity。Wageningen：Wageningen Academic Publishers。  new window
5.Lu, Catherine(2006)。Just and Unjust Interventions in World Politics: Public and Private。Basingstoke：Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
6.Macalister-Smith, Peter.(1985)。International Humanitarian Assistance。Dordrecht：Martinus Nijoff。  new window
7.Prendergast, John.(1996)。Frontline Diplomacy: Humanitari an Aid and Conflict in Africa。Boulder：Lynne Rienner。  new window
8.Neack, Laura(2007)。Elusive Security: States First, People Last。New York：Rowman and Littlefield Publishers。  new window
9.Hehir, Aidan.(2010)。Humanitarian Intervention。Basingstoke：Palgrave Macmillan。  new window
10.Amstutz, Mark R.(2008)。International Ethics: Concepts, Theories, and Cases in Global Politics. 3rd ed。New York：Rowman and Littlefield Publishers。  new window
11.Stacy, Helen M.(2009)。Human Rights for the 21st Century: Sovereignty, Civil Society, and Culture。Stanford：Stanford University Press。  new window
12.Buzan, Barry(1991)。People, and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold Era。Boulder, CO：Lynne Rienner Publisher。  new window
13.Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou、Chenoy, Anuradha M.(2007)。Human Security: Concepts and Implications。London：Routledge。  new window
14.Bodin, Jean(1992)。On Sovereignty: Four Chapters from the Six Books of the Commonwealth。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
15.Brown, Chris(2002)。Sovereignty, Rights, and Justice: International Political Theory Today。Polity Press。  new window
16.俞寬賜、國立編譯館(2002)。國際法新論。臺北：啟英文化事業有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
17.Bull, Hedley(1977)。The Anarchical society: A Study of Order in World Politics。New York：Columbia University Press。  new window
18.許慶雄、李明峻(2009)。國際法概論。台南：泉泰出版社。  延伸查詢new window
19.The Commission on Global Governance(1995)。Our Global Neighborhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Governance。Oxford University Press。  new window
20.Alvarez José E.(2008)。“The Schizophrenias of R2P.”。Human Rights, Intervention, and the Use of Force。Oxford。  new window
21.Fabri Hélène R.(2008)。“Human Rights and State Sovereignty: Have the Boundaries been Significantly Redrawn?”。Human Rights, Intervention, and the Use of Force。Oxford。  new window
22.Franck, Thomas M.(2003)。“Interpretation and Change in the law of Humanitarian Intervention.”。Humanitarian Intervention, Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas。Cambridge。  new window
23.Frost, Mervyn.(2001)。“The Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention.”。Ethics and Foreign Policy。Cambridge。  new window
24.Gorman, Robert F.(1993)。“Introduction: Refugee Aid and Development in a Global Context.”。Refugee Aid and Development: Theory and Practice。Westport, Conn。  new window
25.Ku, Charlotte and Paul Diehl.(2003)。“International Law as Operating and Normative Systems: An Overview.”。International Law: Classic and Contemporary Readings。Boulder。  new window
26.Nardin, Terry.(2009)。“International Political Theory.”。Theories of International Relations 4th。Basingstoke。  new window
27.Sikkink, Kathryn.(2005)。“The Power of Principled Ideas: Human Rights Policies in the United States and West Europe.”。Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change。Ithaca。  new window
28.Weiss, Thomas G. et al.(2010)。The United Nations and Changing World Politics。Boulder。  new window
29.明居正、蔡育岱(2010)。〈國際關係學之後實證主義與英國學派論〉。國際關係綜論。台北。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty(2001)。The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty，Ottawa：International Development Research Center of the International Commission on Intervention and State。，http://www.iciss.ca/pdf/Commission-Report.pdf， 2009/03/21。  new window
2.Annan, Kofi(1999)。Two Concepts of Sovereignty。  new window
圖書論文
1.Wheeler, Nicholas J.(2006)。“The Humanitarian Responsibilities of Sovereignty: Explaining the Development of a New Norm of Military Intervention for Humanitarian Purposes in International Society.”。Humanitarian Intervention and International Relations。Oxford：Oxford University。  new window
 
 
 
 
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