To execute the injury surveillance in collegiate and high school athletes, the National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting System (NAIRS) created the Sports Injury Management System (SIMS) in National Football League, the National Hockey League, the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) in the mid-1980s. The target purpose was to provide the communication linking system for athletic trainers who mainly take care of athletes and team physicians who are the medical supervisors for athletes to facilitate the rehabilitation and prevention against sports injuries. Using this system, many profound research studies have been completed to investigate the injury types, modes, incidence and prevalence in several specific sports, such as baseball, basketball, football, soccer, wrestling and swimming. We expect that the introduction of SIMS in this article is to provide useful guides for the development of a similar sports injury monitoring system in Taiwan in the future.