國際認證的運動禁藥藥檢實驗室是申辦各項國際賽會的必備條件之一。目的：本文擬探討1968-2008年奧運運動禁藥陽性率，以瞭解世界頂尖的優秀選手於各類運動禁藥使用的趨勢，以作為禁藥檢驗重點方向與藥檢實驗室發展重點檢驗項目之分析方法的重要參考，亦是對教練以及運動選手進行禁藥管制重點教育方向之依據。方法：以世界反運動禁藥機構(World Anti-Doping Agency, WADA)之1968-2008年運動禁藥違規數據，分析並比較歷年夏季與冬季奧運運動禁藥之陽性率。結果：在夏季或冬季奧運，檢驗呈陽性之禁藥大多為同化性物質與興奮劑，舉重與田徑是夏季奧運使用運動禁藥前兩名的運動項目，冬季奧運則是越野滑雪以及冰上曲棍球。結論：同化性藥物同位素質譜儀分析技術的建立與興奮劑檢測方法之建立為首要研究發展重點。

Laboratory accreditation by the world anti-doping agency is one of essential factors for international competition host country. Purpose: we investigated the positive usage rate for different categories of prohibited substances at the summer and winter Olympic Games (OG) to understand the usage of doping in elite athletes. Those provide novel information for development analytic method and doping education reference. Methods: according to World Anti-Doping Agency, (WADA) reports, we analyzed and compared the positive usage rate at summer and winter OG from 1968 to 2008. Results: athletes predominantly used anabolic agents and stimulants. In addition, these drugs were most often used by weightlifting and athletic athletes in summer OG; cross-country skiing and ice hockey in winter OG. Conclusion: development of anabolic agents and stimulants analytical methods are the most important issue for the doping laboratory.