The aroused nationalisms in the 19th-century Europe changed the history of the world. Along with these changes, the European map settled gradually. Czech was dominated by the Habsburg Empire then and represented mostly by Bohemia. Due to the political background, the growth of independent nationalism shown in the works of musicians such as Bedřich Smetana (1824-1884), Antonin Dvořák (1841-1904), Leoš Janáček (1854-1928), and Art Nouveau artist Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939). Their works were inspired by their Slavic ethnic identity, folklore, folkdances, historical issues, and geographical names. Nationalism is the main characteristic in both areas even though they seem developed individually; it is also the fundamental stone in the independence of Czech.