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題名:美國專利法上的非顯而易知性研究
書刊名:智慧財產評論
作者:鄭煜騰王偉霖 引用關係
作者(外文):Cheng, Yue-tengWang, Weilin
出版日期:2011
卷期:9:2
頁次:頁43-98
主題關鍵詞:非顯而易知性Graham三階段判斷法則先前技術反向教示明顯可嘗試Non-obviousnessGraham standardPrior artTeach awayObvious to try
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:20
  • 點閱點閱:60
專利法賦予專利權人於特定期間內可排除他人未經其同意實施其專利權之權利。因此,對於取得專利權所須之要件須嚴加規範,以避免一般性或習知技術仍可得到專利制度之保護,否則既有違鼓勵發明創作之立法原意,也因其壟斷而造成產業科技水準停滯不前。觀察專利制度發展的歷史可以看出,在新穎性不足以維持專利制度正常運作下,逐漸發展出進步性之概念。為了防止那些技術人員日常例行的技術進步充塞各國專利審查機關以及平衡專利權的獨占性,美國在十九世紀中葉開始萌芽,起初係以判決形式出現,歷經百年直至1952年才納入美國專利法,法典化後概念雖然成熟,但適用上卻見仁見智,每個審查官與法官心中各有一把尺,使發明人無所適從。到了1966年美國最高法院在Graham v. John Deere案,對於進步性(非顯而易知性)才有比較一致的邏輯推理程序。首先,找出最相關的先前技術與系爭發明之請求項的差異之處,界定相關技術領域之平均技術水準以確定熟悉該項技術者,從熟悉該項技術者的觀點判斷不同之處是否顯而易知。而且,2007年4月,美國最高法院在KSR v. Teleflex案首次對美國聯邦巡迴上訴法院用於判斷組合發明之非顯而易知性所發展出的教示、建議、動機測試法(TSM)以及其所引發的爭議發表看法時,也再度闡釋Graham案的三階段判斷法則。本文使用大量舉例方式詳細說明美國最高法院提出Graham三階段判斷法則,以及CAFC所自行發展的TSM測試法的發展歷程與內容。接著,說明KSR案判決的要旨及對於非顯而易知性判斷的影響。最後,說明我國專利「進步性」與美國KSR案之「非顯而易知性」之比較。
Patent law gives the patentee a right in a specific period to exclude an implementation of his patent right by others without consent. Therefore, some requirements must to be possessed by the claimed invention to prevent general technologies or conventional skill from obtaining the protection of patent system, if not it will be contrary to the legislative intent of encouraging the invention and the creation, and the granted patent monopoly will cause a stagnation in the level of industrial technology. From the history of patent system development, we can find the concept of inventive step emerged from an insufficiency of maintaining the normal function of patent system by the requirement of industrial applicability and novelty.As to the requirement of non-obviousness of U.S. patent system, although not statutorily codified until §103 was enacted as part of the 1952 Patent Act, this concept has been recognized in U.S. patent case law since at least 1851. This ill-defined term proved incapable of precise application. The discrepancy in the mind of each examiner and judge confused the applicants. In 1966, the Supreme Court set out a framework for applying the statutory language of §103 in Graham v. John Deere Co., the rationale became relatively consistent. Under §103, the scope and content of the prior art are to be determined; differences between the prior art and the claims at issue are to be ascertained; and the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art resolved. Also, in the April of 2007, the Supreme Court explained the "Graham standard" again in KSR when challenging TSM test developed by CAFC and its application for determining non-obviousness of the claimed invention. In this article, the back-grounds and contents of the "Graham standard" set by the US Supreme Court, and the "TSM test" developed by CAFC will be explained in detail. Next, the essential thoughts of KSR and the possible impacts to non-obviousness determination brought by the KSR opinion will be explained. Finally, the comparison between "non-obviousness" defined by KSR and "inventive step" of Taiwan's patent law will be explained.
期刊論文
1.沈宗倫(20110700)。以美國專利判例法為借鏡淺析我國專利進步性判斷的教示因果關係--以智慧財產法院97年度行專訴字第36號行政判決與最高行政法院98年度判字第1277號判決為例。專利師,6,52-65。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.尹守信(20051200)。淺析美國專利法上之非顯而易知性要件。智慧財產權,84,128-146。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.宋皇志(20110400)。論進步性審理之進步空間--智慧財產法院九十七年度行專訴字第十九號行政判決評析。月旦法學,191,145-159。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.熊誦梅(20110400)。眾裡尋他千百度:談所屬技術領域中之通常知識者--從最高行政法院九十八年度判字第一二七七號判決談起。月旦法學,191,129-144。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Smith, Steven P.,、Kurt R. Van Thomme(2007)。Bridge Over Troubled Water: The Supreme Court’s New Patent Obviousness Standard in KSR Should Be Readily Apparent and Benefit the Public。ALB. L.J. SCI. & TECH.,17,127。  new window
6.Duff, John F.(2007)。KSR v. Teleflex: Predictable Reform of Patent Substance and Procedure in the Judiciary。Michigan Law Review First Impressions,106,34-38。  new window
7.尹守信(20050600)。淺析美國專利法上之新穎性要件。智慧財產權月刊,78,52-70。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.董安丹(19991100)。美國專利法上之非顯著性:法律上之判斷標準。智慧財產權月刊,11,頁12-21。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.張啟聰(20080400)。KSR案及其對美國專利實務造成之影響。科技法學評論,5(1),225-256。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.李森堙(20071000)。談美國專利非顯而易知性與TSM判準之爭議。科技法律透析,19(10),42-61。  延伸查詢new window
11.胡心蘭(20081100)。非顯而易知之非顯而易知性--美國最高法院KSR案判決評析。興大法學,4,193-238。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.楊仲榮(2008)。重新定義「非顯而易知」(中〉。智慧財產季刊,65。  延伸查詢new window
13.李素華(2011)。進步性判斷之「所屬技術領域中之通常知識者」--德國立法例之觀點。專利師,5。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.李文賢(2011)。專利判決解析。專利師,6。  延伸查詢new window
15.呂紹凡(2007)。組合發明之非顯而易見性--2007年KSR v. Teleflex判決簡介。萬國法律,152。  延伸查詢new window
16.施雅儀(2009)。從In re Kubin案探討後KSR時代美國生物技術專利之顯而易知性審查。智慧財產權月刊,128。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.楊仲榮(2008)。重新定義「非顯而易知」(上)。智慧財產季刊,64。  延伸查詢new window
18.楊仲榮(2008)。重新定義「非顯而易知」(下)。智慧財產季刊,67。  延伸查詢new window
19.鄭中人(2006)。評最高行政法院九十四年度判字第九十三號判決及九十四年度判字第四五六號判決--兼論專利效力與專利侵害鑑定之異同。月旦法學,136。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.謝祖松(2010)。美國專利法上「具有通常技術者」之探討。台北大學法學論叢,76。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.顏吉承(2007)。美國反KSR案判決對我國進步性審查之啓示。智慧財產權月刊,105。  延伸查詢new window
22.Cottrell, Clara R.(2007)。The Supreme Court Brings a Sea Change with KSR Int'l Co. v. Teleflex Inc.。Wake Forest L. Rev.,42,595。  new window
23.Kitch, Edmund W.(1967)。Graham v. John Deere Co.: New standards for patents。J. Pat. Off. Soc'y,49,237。  new window
24.Slenkovich, Keith L. et al.(2008)。The Change Landscape of Obviousness in the Wake of KSR。PLI/PAT,923,431。  new window
會議論文
1.彭翔鴻、林珀如、林珮慈(2008)。聯邦巡迴法院於KSR案後是否提高顯而易知性判斷標準之實證研究。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.吳宏亮(2005)。發明專利進步性決定及其司法審查。東海大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.高詠文(2008)。組合藥品可專利性要件之探討:以我國第592696號專利爲例。國立清華大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.楊啓元(2006)。專利法上進步性要件之研究。世新大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.張啓聰(2002)。發明專利要件「進步性」之研究。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Donner, Irah H.(2007)。Patent Prosecution, Law, Practice and Procedure。BNA。  new window
2.SCHWARTZ, HERBERT F.(2003)。PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE (4th ed. ).。  new window
3.鄭中人(2009)。專利法規釋義。臺北:考用出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
4.Mueller, Janice M.(2003)。An Introduction to Patent Law。New York:Aspen Publishers。  new window
5.劉國讚(2009)。專利實務論。元照。  延伸查詢new window
6.王承守、鄧穎懋(2007)。美國專利訴訟--攻防策略運用。  延伸查詢new window
7.朱家毅、林群倫、李昆鴻、羅晶華、吳宣諭(2007)。Teleflex訴KSR專利技術案--專利非顯而易知性之判斷,智慧財產法律與管理案例評析(五)。  延伸查詢new window
8.何俞宛(2002)。美國專利實務。  延伸查詢new window
9.Canelias, Peter S.(2002)。Patent Practice Handbook。  new window
10.Patrick, Robert、Duffy, John(1997)。Fitzgerald Patent law and Policy。  new window
 
 
 
 
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