「男性養家模式」？從女性作為「照顧者」的勞動參與經驗檢視其意涵_

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題名：	「男性養家模式」？從女性作為「照顧者」的勞動參與經驗檢視其意涵
書刊名：	靜宜人文社會學報
作者：	洪惠芬
作者(外文)：	Hung, Huifen
出版日期：	2012
卷期：	6:1
頁次：	頁379-436
主題關鍵詞：	男性養家模式；女性勞動參與；照顧者；理想工作者；勞動力的商品化與袪商品化；Male breadwinner model；Female labor force participation；Caregiver；Ideal worker；The commodification and decommodification of labor force
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:201

因為依賴者對照顧的需要是人類作為生物無法迴避的現實，任何一個社會都得設想出一套制度安排來解決依賴者對照顧的需要。就某種程度來說，「男性養家模式」底下的家庭內性別分工正是這樣的制度安排。因此，如果我們的社會基於對「性別平等」理念的追求，企圖改變家庭內部的性別分工安排，讓女性得以從家庭照顧任務中解脫出來；那麼我們的社會緊接著必須面對的問題是：女性留下來的家庭照顧任務該由誰來承擔？而且，假使就像女性主義者說，女性過去被要求承擔家庭照顧的任務，使她們身陷性別不義的處境；那麼我們的社會在設想男性養家模式之後的照顧制度安排時，也不應重蹈覆轍：也就是說，我們的社會應當盡可能地確保任何一個接替承擔照顧任務的人的處境獲得基本程度的保障。本文將檢視「男性養家模式」底下的照顧任務、與照顧者處境、以及它的鬆動對照顧任務、與照顧者處境所造成的影響。本文將先分析「男性養家模式」的內涵、以及它的變遷對照顧任務所產生的衝擊。接著，我會將焦點放在「男性養家模式」變遷之後的出路。我將從「受薪勞動」與「照顧任務」兩者間的矛盾與衝突，去討論可行的出路。

以文找文

Each human society should make efforts to settle certain institutional arrangement to solve the dependent’s inevitable need for care. To some extent, the gender labor division within family, under ‘male breadwinner model’, may be seen as such institutional arrangement. Hence, if our society attempted to transform the existing gender labor division within family, to liberate women from the role of family caregiver, based on the ideal of ‘gender equality’, we might be immediately confronted with the following question: Who must assume the burden of family caregivers left by women? And, as feminism has suggested, women have been trapped into the situation of gender injustice, because of being required to stay within family and to assume the care burden. Thus, when our society designs the care arrangements of post-male breadwinner model, we should avoid the same mistakes, that is: we ought to try our best to protect all the persons who take the place of women’s given burden of caregivers from the unjust treatment. My article examines the care arrangements and the situation of caregivers under ‘male breadwinner model’, as well as the impacts of this model’s declining. I first analyze the conception of ‘male breadwinner model’, and discuss what influences the transformation of ‘male breadwinner model’ made on the care arrangements. I then intend to be focused on the ways out of post male breadwinner model, based on the contradiction and conflict between ‘wage labor’ and ‘care task’.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Jaumotte, F.(2004)。Labour Force Participation of Women: Empirical Evidence on the Role of Policy and Other Determinants in OECD Countries。OECD Economic Studies，37。
2.	Glenn, E. N.(2000)。Creating a Caring Society。Contemporary Sociology，29(1)，84-94。
3.	Beck-Gernsheim, E.(1998)。On the Way to a Post-Familial Family: From a Community of Need to Elective Affinities。Theory, Culture and Society，15(3/4)，53-70。
4.	Creighton, C.(1999)。The Rise and Decline of the “Male Breadwinner Family” in Britain。Cambridge Journal of Economics，23，519-541。
5.	Jassens, A.(1997)。The Rise and Decline of the Male Breadwinner Family? An Overview of the Debate。The Rise and Decline of the Male Breadwinner, International Review of Social History，42(suppl. 5)，1-23。
6.	Leira, A.(1998)。Caring as Social Right: Cash for Child Care and Daddy Leave。Social PoliticsI，5(3)，362-378。
7.	Levitas, R.(1995)。We: Problems in Identity, Solidarity and Difference。History of Human Science，8(3)，89-105。
8.	Pfau-Effinger, B.(2004)。Socio-historical Paths of the Male Breadwinner Model: An Explanation of Cross-national Differences。The British Journal of Sociology，55(3)，377-399。
9.	Seymour, J.(1992)。No Time to Call My Own: Women’s Time as a Household Resource。Womenâs Studies International Forum，15(2)，187-192。
10.	Sorensen, A.(1983)。Women's Employment Patterns after Marriage。Journal of Marriage and the Family，45(2)，311-321。
11.	Wharton, C.(1994)。Finding Time for the ‘Second Shift’: The Impact of Flexible Work Schedules on Women’s Double Days。Gender and Society，8(2)，189-205。
12.	Goodin, Robert E.(2001)。Work and Welfare: Towards a Post-productivist Welfare Regime。British Journal of Political Science，31(1)，13-39。
13.	Esping-Andersen, G.(2000)。Multi-Dimensional Decommodification: A Reply to Graham Room。Policy and Politics，28(3)，353-359。
14.	Waite, Linda J.(1980)。Working Wives and the Family Life Cycle。American Journal of Sociology，86，272-294。
15.	Room, Graham(2000)。Commodification and Decommodification: A Developmental Critique。Policy and Politics，28(3)，331-352。
16.	Acker, Joan(1990)。Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations。Gender and Society，4(2)，139-158。
17.	Land, Hilary(1980)。The Family Wage。Feminist Review，6(1)，55-77。
18.	Baumol, William J.(1967)。Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: the Anatomy of Urban Crisis。American Economic Review，57(3)，415-426。
19.	Thompson, Linda、Walker, Alexis J.(1989)。Gender in Families: Women and Men in Marriage, Work, and Parenthood。Journal of Marriage and the Family，51(4)，845-871。
20.	Thompson, Edward Palmer(1967)。Time, Work-Discipline and Industrial Capitalism。Past and Present，38(1)，56-97。
21.	Piachaud, D.(1982)。Patterns of Income and Expenditure within Families。Journal of Social Policy，11(4)，469-482。

圖書
1.	Esping-Andersen, G.(1999)。Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economics。Oxford University Press。
2.	Mellor, M.(1992)。Breaking the Boundaries。London：Virago。
3.	Folbre, N.(1993)。Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint。London and New York：Routledge。
4.	Frye, M.(1983)。The Politics of Reality。Trumansburg, New York：The Crossing Press。
5.	Hochschild, A.(1990)。The Second Shift。London：Piatkus。
6.	Holt, H.、I. Thaulow(1996)。Formal and Informal Flexibility in the Workplace。The Work-Family Challenge: Rethinking Employment。London：Sage Publication。
7.	Moss, P.(1996)。Reconciling Employment and Family Responsibilities: A European Perspective。The Work-Family Challenge: Rethinking Employment。London：Sage Publication。
8.	Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(2002)。OECD Employment Outlook 2002。Paris：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development。
9.	Pfau-Effinger, B.(1999)。The modernization of Family and Motherhood。Restructuring Gender Relations and Employment: The Decline of the Male Breadwinner。Oxford：Oxford University Press。
10.	Ruddick, S.(1998)。Care as Labor and Relationship。Norms and Value: Essays on the Work of Virginia Held。New York：Rowman and Littlefiled Publishers, Inc。
11.	Kymlicka, Will(1990)。Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction。Oxford：Oxford University Press。
12.	Bhalla, Ajit S.、Lapeyre, Frédéric(2004)。Poverty and Exclusion in a Global World。New York：Palgrave Macmillan。
13.	Tronto, J.(1993)。Moral boundaries。Routledge。
14.	Beck, Ulrich、Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth、Ritter, Mark、Wiebel, Jane(1995)。The Normal Chaos of Love。Polity Press。
15.	Williams, Joan C.(2000)。Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict and What to do About it。Oxford University Press。
16.	Esping-Andersen, Gøsta(1990)。The Three World of Welfare Capitalism。Oxford：Polity Press。
17.	Fraser, Nancy(1997)。Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the 'Postsocialist' Condition。Routledge。
18.	Sainsbury, Diane(1996)。Gender, Equality, and Welfare States。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
19.	Rawls, John(1993)。Political Liberalism。Cambridge University Press。
20.	Kittay, Eva Feder(1999)。Love's Labor: Essays on Women, Equality, and Dependency。Routledge。

圖書論文
1.	Crompton, R.(1999)。The Decline of the Male Breadwinner: Explanations and Interpretation。Restructuring Gender Relations and Employment: The Decline of the Male Breadwinner。Oxford：Oxford University Press。
2.	Sen, A. K.(1990)。Gender and Cooperative Conflicts。Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development。Oxford University Press。

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