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題名：變異練習對青少年桌球技能的表現與學習效應
書刊名：體育學報
作者：陳孟文／林靜兒 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chen, Meng-wen／Lin, Ellen Ching-er
出版日期：2012
卷期：45:1
頁次：頁59-66
主題關鍵詞：基模理論；正手擊球；動作學習；Schema theory；Forehand stroke；Motor learning
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:8
  • 點閱點閱:66
目的：透過桌球正手擊球的實驗工作，探討變異練習與恆常練習對青少年動作表現與動作學習的效應。方法：實驗參加者為32名男性青少年，年齡14.4 ± 0.4歲，隨機分派到變異或恆常練習組。實驗流程為同質性考驗、150次的獲得期試作、以及5天後的保留和遷移測驗。依變項為桌球正手擊球測驗的得分值與變異誤差值。保留和遷移測驗所得實驗數據以獨立樣本t檢定考驗，而獲得期以2（組別）× 10（區間）混合設計二因子變異數分析與事後比較。結果：在獲得期中發現組別與區間的交互作用未達統計顯著差異（F （9, 270）= 0.23, p > .05），但2組正手擊球得分值的主要效果則達統計上的顯著差異 （F（1,270）= 1.84, p < .05, ES = 0.38），2組變異誤差值的交互作用亦未達統計顯著差異（F（9, 270）=1.82, p > .05）；保留測驗方面，變異與恆常練習兩組的得分值（t（下標（30））= 1.602, p > .05）以及變異誤差值（t（下標（30））= 1.431, p > .05）均未達統計顯著差異；遷移測驗的得分值（t（下標（30）） = 0.929, p > .05）和變異誤差值（t（下標（30））= -1.303, p > .05）也未達統計顯著差異。結論：恆常的練習安排較變異練習有助於青少年在桌球正手擊球動作表現上的提升，但在動作學習上恆常與變異2種練習方式卻沒有不同的效應。
Purpose: To examine the effects of variable and constant practice on motor performance and learning in teenagers by the forehand stroke of table tennis. Methods: Thirty-two male participants (age = 14.4 ± 0.4 years) were randomly assigned to variable or constant practice group. The process consisted of four phases: homogeneousness test, 150 trials for acquisition, and retention and transfer tests after 5 days of acquisition phase. Dependent variables were scores and variable error (VE). Results: ANOVA for 2 (group) × 10 (block) indicated that no interactions were found (F (9, 270) = 0.23, p > .05), but the main effect of the scores in both groups was statistically significant difference in acquisition phase (F (1, 270) = 1.84, p < .05, ES = 0.38). The interaction of VE between groups and blocks was not found significant also (F (9, 270) = 1.82, p > .05); the scores (t (30) = 1.602, p > .05) and VE (t (30) = 1.431, p > .05) of the two groups were no significant in retention test; furthermore, the scores (t (30) = 0.929, p > .05) and VE scores (t (30) = -1.303, p > .05) in transfer test were not significant. Conclusions: It was concluded that the constant practice group was better than variable practice group on motor performance of the teenagers, but there were no differences between the groups on motor learning.
期刊論文
1.Shea, J. B.、Morgan, R. L.(1979)。Contextual interference effects on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of a motor skill。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory，5(2)，179-187。  new window
2.張智惠、卓俊伶、季力康(19970900)。練習的安排--動作間與動作內的情境干擾。體育學報，23，299-310。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.van Rossum, J. H. A.(1990)。Schmidt's schema theory: The empirical base of the variability of practice hypothesis。Human Movement Science，9，387-435。  new window
4.Thomas, J. R.、Salazar, W.、Landers, D. M.(1991)。What is missing in p < .05? Effect size。Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport，62(3)，344-348。  new window
5.Kelso, J. A. S.、Norman, P. E.(1978)。Motor schema formation in children。Developmental Psychology，14，153-156。  new window
6.Pigott, R. E.、Shapiro, D. C.(1984)。Motor schema: The structure of the variability session。Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport，55，41-45。  new window
7.Schmidt, R. A.(1975)。A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning。Psychological Review，82(4)，225-260。  new window
8.Hall, K. G.、Domingues, D. A.、Cavazos, R.(1994)。Contextual interference effects with skilled baseball players。Perceptual and Motor Skills，78(3)，835-841。  new window
9.Magill, R. A.、Hall, K. G.(1990)。A review of the contextual interference effect in motor skill acquisition。Human Movement Science，9(3-5)，241-289。  new window
10.Shea, C. H.、Kohl, R. M.(1990)。Specificity and variability of practice。Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport，61，169-177。  new window
11.林靜兒、卓俊伶、張智惠、謝扶成(2003)。兒童在相對時宜工作的參數學習：檢驗變異練習假說。臺灣運動心理學報，2，47-59。  延伸查詢new window
12.卓俊伶(2004)。老年人相對時宜動作表現與學習的練習變異效應。臺灣運動心理學報，5，87-99。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Del Rey, P.(1989)。Training and contextual interference effects on memory and transfer。Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport，60，342-347。  new window
14.Goodwin, J. E.、Grimes, C. R.、Eckerson, J. M.、Gordon, P. M.(1998)。Effect of different quantities of variable practice on acquisition, retention, and transfer of on applied motor skill。Perceptual and Motor Skills，87，147-151。  new window
15.Vera, J. G.、Montilla, M. M.(2003)。Practice schedule and acquisition, retention, and transfer of a throwing task in 6-yr.-old children。Perceptual and Motor Skills，96，1015-1024。  new window
16.Wulf, G.(1991)。The effect of type of practice on motor learning in children。Applied Cognitive Psychology，5，123-134。  new window
學位論文
1.李鴻恩(2004)。不同背景干擾與回饋型態對籃球投籃技能學習之影響。國立臺東大學，臺東市。  延伸查詢new window
2.黃君潔(2008)。變異練習與恆常練習對國小學童壘球擲準技能表現之研究。國立屏東教育大學，屏東市。  延伸查詢new window
3.魏展聖(2006)。不同練習方式對國小學童籃球動作學習之影響。國立新竹教育大學，新竹市。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Vincent, W. J.(1995)。Statistics in kinesiology。Champaign, IL：Human Kinetics。  new window
2.王煥琛、柯華葳(1999)。青少年心理學。心理。  延伸查詢new window
3.姚漢禱(2002)。體育測驗與評量。台北：師大書苑。  延伸查詢new window
4.Gallahue, D. L.、Ozmun, J. C.(1998)。Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults。New York：McGraw-Hill。  new window
5.Kirk, R. E.(1982)。Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral science。CA.：Brooks/Cole Publishing。  new window
6.Schmidt, R. A.、Wrisberg, C. A.(2000)。Motor learning and performance: A problem-based learning approach。Champaign, IL：Human Kinetics。  new window
7.Schmidt, Richard A.、Lee, Timothy D.(2011)。Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis。Human Kinetics。  new window
 
 
 
 
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