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題名：以科學探究精神開展通識教育：Schwab在芝加哥大學的超越與實踐
書刊名：教育研究集刊
作者：陳鏗任／蔡曉楓
作者(外文)：Chen, Ken-zen／Tsai, Hsiao-feng
出版日期：2012
卷期：58:2
頁次：頁71-108
主題關鍵詞：通識教育；芝加哥大學；Schwab；General education；University of Chicago
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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美國大學通識教育在二十世紀兩次大戰之間快速繁盛，戰後又迅速萎縮。本文回顧1940年代以降，Schwab（1909-1980）在芝加哥大學所推動的一系列融合科學家的探究（enquiry）精神，其將Hutchins等人高懸的通識教育理想具體開展實現為大學教學課程的歷程。儘管1960年代之後，學院（The College）面臨萎縮，讓通識教育的理念無以為繼，但是，芝加哥大學推動通識教育的經驗在其他學校的通識課程中成為參考的元素。而在學院中與學術同儕共同發展通識課程的慎思籌劃經驗，也鑄成了日後Schwab在課程理論的實踐論述。
Reforms of and reflections on general education in colleges of the United States thrived from the end of the First World War to the Second World War. This essay provides a detailed overview of the general education reform led by Joseph Jackson Schwab (1909-1980) from the 1940s to 1960s at the University of Chicago, where he transformed the ideals of Robert Maynard Hutchins et al. into a reality. Schwab devoted himself to expanding the place of science in the general education of undergraduate students and placed particular emphasis on biological sciences. Even though his practices were too hard to continue, his insightful legacy has become a critical point of reference when discussing the ultimate aims and practical methods of general education. Eventually, his latter theoretical "Practical " essays in curriculum stuides were partly motivated and then came to mature due to his curriculum deliberation experience with his colleagues at Chicago.
期刊論文
1.Schwab, J. J.(1956)。Science and civil discourse: The uses of diversity。Science, curriculum, and liberal education: Selected essays，133-148。  new window
2.Westbury, I.(2005)。Reconsidering Schwab's practicals: A response to Peter Hlebowitsh's generational ideas in curriculum: A historical triangulation。Curriculum Inquiry，35，89-101。  new window
3.Dublin, M.(1989)。Joseph J. Schwab--A memoir and a tribute。Interchange，20，112-115。  new window
4.Fenstermacher, G. D.(1980)。The nature of science and its uses for education: Remarks on the philosophical import of Schwab's work。Curriculum Inquiry，10，191-197。  new window
圖書
1.Schwab, J. J.(1978)。Science, curriculum, and liberal education: Selected essays。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
2.MacAloon, J. J.(1992)。General Education in the Social Sciences: Centennial Reflections on the College of the University of Chicago。University of Chicago Press。  new window
3.Schwab, J. J.(1969)。College curriculum and student protest。Chicago：University of Chicago。  new window
4.Levine, D. N.(2006)。Powers of the mind: The reinvention of liberal learning in America。Chicago。  new window
5.Owen, D. B.(1994)。On knowing-The natural sciences: Richard McKeon。Chicago。  new window
6.Boyer, J. W.(2007)。A twenty century cosmos: The new plan and the origins of general education at Chicago。Chicago。  new window
7.Shulman, L. S.(1991)。Joseph Jackson Schwab。Remembering the University of Chicago: Teachers, scientists and scholars。Chicago。  new window
8.Westbury, I.、Osborne, M.(2001)。Joseph J. Schwab。Fifty modern thinkers on education: From Piaget to the present。London, UK。  new window
9.Fordin, R.(1950)。Very simple, but thoroughgoing。The idea and practice of general education: An account of The College of the University of Chicago。Chicago。  new window
10.O'Meara, W.(1950)。Integration: Observation, interpretation and integration。The idea and practice of general education: An account of The College of the University of Chicago。Chicago。  new window
11.Schwab, J. J.(1954)。Eros and education: A discussion of one aspect of discussion。Science, curriculum, and liberal education: Selected essays。Chicago。  new window
12.Schwab, J. J.(1958)。Enquiry and the reading process。Science, curriculum, and liberal education: Selected essays。Chicago。  new window
13.Schwab, J. J.(1976)。Freedom and the scope of liberal education。The president as educational leader。Washington, DC。  new window
14.Olson, E.(1991)。Richard McKeon。Remembering the University of Chicago: Teachers, scientists and scholars。Chicago。  new window
15.Orlinsky, D. E.(1992)。Not very simple, but overflowing: A historical perspective on general education at the University of Chicago。General education in the social sciences: Centennial reflections on The College of the University of Chicago。Chicago。  new window
16.Schwab, J. J.(1941)。Deriving the objects and content of the college curriculum。New frontiers in college education, Proceedings of the Institute for Administrative Officers of Higher Education。Chicago。  new window
17.Schwab, J. J.(1949)。The nature of scientific knowledge as related to liberal education。Science, curriculum, and liberal education: Selected essays。Chicago。  new window
18.Schwab, J. J.(1950)。Criteria for the evaluation of achievement tests: From the point of view of the subject-matter specialist。Science, curriculum, and liberal education: Selected essays。Chicago。  new window
19.Schwab, J. J.(1950)。The natural sciences: The three-year program。The idea and practice of general education: An account of The College of the University of Chicago。Chicago。  new window
20.Schwab, J. J.(1960)。Select Reading in philosophical aspects of biology。The decision point of biological inquiry for Biology。Chicago。  new window
21.Schwab, J. J.(1966)。The teaching of science as enquiry。The teaching of science。Cambridge, MA。  new window
22.Schwab, J. J.(1975)。On reviving liberal education。The philosophy of the curriculum。New York。  new window
23.Schwab, J. J.(1976)。Education and the state: Learning community。The great ideas today。Chicago。  new window
其他
1.Roby, T. W.(2002)。Joseph Schwab，http://www.answer.com/topic/joseph-schwab， 20120602。  new window
 
 
 
 
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