目標：本研究在探討影響家長讓幼童接種肺炎鏈球菌疫苗接種之認知、態度等相關因素。方法：本研究以健康信念模式自擬結構式網路問卷，透過親子網站，邀請平時會於網路上搜尋相關醫療資訊，且育有五歲以下幼童之家長，上網填答。調查時間為2011年4月20日至5月10日，有效樣本566份。資料先以卡方、威爾克森符號等級、克-瓦二氏單因子等級檢定分析後，再以羅吉斯迴歸分析檢定影響家長是否讓小孩接種疫苗的相關因素。結果：566位家長完成有效樣本，其中382位（68%）已讓小孩接種肺炎鏈球菌疫苗；多數家長對疾病知識有一定程度的了解，但是對於疫苗效價和政府補助方案較不清楚；疾病知識分數高、自覺行動利益高、自覺行動非經濟障礙低、自覺行動經濟障礙低、小孩滿一歲、家長年齡介於30至34歲、曾有醫療人員建議或曾看過院所宣傳單者，較傾向讓小孩接種疫苗。結論：本研究顯示家長對於肺炎鏈球菌疫苗之認知，以及對於接受疫苗接種的自覺障礙，皆與幼童是否接受疫苗有關，研究結果可供主管機關規劃相關政策時之參考。

Objectives: This study analyzed parental attitudes and behaviors related to pneumococcal vaccination for their preschool children. Methods: We first developed a structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and then invited those who were used to searching for medical information on the internet and were raising children younger than 5 to answer the questionnaire. A total of 566 web-based questionnaires were completed from April 20th to May 10th, 2011. Hypotheses were tested using Chi-squares, Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Factors associated with pneumococcal vaccination were identified with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 566 parents who completed a valid questionnaire, 382 (68%) had taken their children for vaccination against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Most of these parents had acquired knowledge about IPD but few of them understood the vaccination subsidy program. Parents who had a greater understanding about IPD and perceived more benefits and fewer barriers to vaccination, were between 30 and 34 years old, advised by medical staff, had read an IPD information sheet at a hospital, or had children one year old or older tended to have their children vaccinated. Conclusions: Parental knowledge about self-perceived barriers to pneumococcal vaccination were significantly associated with whether their children were vaccinated or not.