Yoga is an ancient science. It is a form of exercise for body, soul and mind and comprises exercise, control and making changes in all three areas: bodily life, spiritual life and psychology. Yoga’s theory of a healthy lifestyle draws on the ancient Indian practices of maintaining health set out in the Vedas. Through regulated food and drink, exercise and style of life illness is kept at bay, whilst fasting, dieting and the use of special foods or herbal medicines are employed to bring the body back to balance in the case of illness. Even today many people in India adhere to this traditional way of a healthy life, such that the practice has spread to the whole world and engendered a yoga craze. However, many people today mistakenly think that yoga is simply physical exercises for slimming and keeping in shape. They seek the prevention of disease and mere physical healing, and pay less attention to exercises for spiritual and psychological well-being. Most research on yoga looks at its role in physical exercise and healing illness and its practical effects. There is little concern for its basic theory of how to train and how to live. This thesis examines the healthy lifestyle promoted by yoga by first studying its fundamental theory of a healthy life outlined in the Vedas. It then looks at the relationship between traditional and modern yoga. The thesis is divided into five parts. The introduction explains the purpose and goal of my research. Then I discuss the significance and origin of yoga. Here I define the term ‘yoga’ and look at its origins and how it has developed. Part three ‘Yoga’s lifestyle’ looks at the five chief elements in yoga theory, the circulation of the arteries and veins and chakra and the way to eat and drink. Part four looks at the traditional schools and their modern development and explains the difference between the two. Finally I end with a conclusion.