背景：台灣末期腎病發生率與盛行率均高居世界第一，這群末期腎臟疾病患者的生活品質亟需被重視。 目的：本研究探討中部某區域教學醫院長期血液透析病患之生理功能、症狀、功能狀態、自覺健康狀態與健康相關生活品質之相關因素。 方法：研究採橫斷式、描述相關性研究設計，有效問卷共137份。問卷內容包括生理功能量表、症狀量表、功能狀態量表、自覺健康狀態量表及臺灣版世界衛生組織生活品質量表等五部分，以SPSS 20.0套裝軟體進行分析。 結果：研究結果顯示，對象之生活品質屬中等程度；症狀與生活品質呈顯著性負相關(p < .001)；功能狀態及自覺健康狀態與生活品質呈顯著性正相關(p < .001)；症狀數、自覺健康狀態、功能狀態與接受透析時間，可解釋整體生活品質之53.5%總變異量。 結論/實務應用：血液透析病患症狀數越少，功能狀態越佳及自覺健康狀態越好者，其整體生活品質越好，且自覺健康狀態、症狀和功能狀態是影響生活品質之重要預測因子。醫護人員應注意病患的主觀健康感受，在血液透析病患個案開始出現症狀或負向健康看法時，就應即早給予適當的護理措施，以提升健康相關之生活品質。

Background: The incidence and prevalence rates of end‐stage renal disease in Taiwan rank among the highest in the world. The quality of life of these patients deserves close attention. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to explore the relationships among biological functions, symptoms, functional status, general health perceptions, and health‐related quality of life in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis at a regional teaching hospital in central Taiwan. Methods: A cross‐sectional descriptive correlational study design was conducted and 137 valid questionnaires were collected. The 5 structured questionnaires used to collect data included the Biological Function, Symptom Scale, Karnofsky Performance Scale, General Health Perceptions Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) scale. Date was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: Study results found a mid‐range score for WHOQOL. Symptoms correlated negatively with WHOQOL, while functional status and general health perceptions correlated positively with WHOQOL. Participant symptoms, functional status, general health perceptions, and duration of hemodialysis were the important predictors of WHOQOL, explaining 53.5% of WHOQOL variance. Conclusions / Implications for Practice: Having fewer symptoms, better functional status, and better general health perception correlated with higher WHOQOL scores. Symptoms, functional status, and general health perception were significant predictors of WHOQOL. Health professionals must focus greater attention on the health perceptions of their patients and treat patient symptoms and compromised functional status as early as possible in order to improve quality of life.