目的：行政院衛生署於2011年公佈癌症登記報告指出，結腸直腸癌是國人罹癌人數最多的癌症，且多發生於年紀長者、有家族病史、不健康的飲食習慣、抽菸、肥胖和缺乏運動者。其中高齡者因消化系統老化，影響了對食物的吸收與消化，也間接影響了食物在小腸的吸收及大腸的蠕動。方法：本文歸納相關文獻結果，並考慮高齡者生理變化，結果：建議高齡者應以每週30分鐘以上中等強度的有氧運動為主，如慢跑、快走、游泳或騎腳踏車等方式，並維持一週3次以上之運動習慣，可降低罹患結腸直腸癌的風險。本文建議未來研究方向可針對高齡者生理功能來設計運動處方，結合實證研究探討高齡者防癌之運動處方，讓高齡者快樂運動，促進成功老化的享受樂齡生活。

According to the annual cancer report published by Department of Health, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. in 2011, the colorectal cancer was the largest one of these population, and it often happened to the elderly, the one who had family medical history, unhealthy eating behavior, smoker, obesity and lack of exercise. Among elderly, the ageing of the digestive system influenced their digestion along with absorption, also indirectly affected the absorption process in the small intestine and colon motility. Compiling relevant literature as well as considering the physiological changes of the elderly, it is suggested the elderly should take aerobic exercises at least 30 minutes per week, which is above moderate intensity like jogging, walking, swimming or bike, and maintain it at least 3 times a week, which will greatly lower the risk of getting colorectal cancer. This study suggested that in the future study, the exercise prescription combined with empirical research for elderly should be in accordance with the physiological function of the elderly, and focus on allowing them happily exercise, successful aging, and enjoy their elderly life.