Both the group incidents that occurred in Shanghai in 2009 and the mass incident that occurred in Guangzhou two years later were caused by the violent behaviors of unofficial enforcers. In the local media, reports shifted in focus from the people concerned to the local government as the events unfolded. To some extent, the reports showed consistency between the local government and the local media. This trend was also evident in other types of news story. Reports in the media in other provinces revealed conflicts between unofficial enforcers and peddlers; however, such reports were unrelated to institutional social management problems presented by unofficial enforcers.