腎臟移植乃是以手術方式來治療末期腎臟疾病，由於醫療技術的進步、免疫抑制劑及移植免疫學日新月異的發展，使許多病患能於移植術後立即重獲腎臟功能並改善生活品質。而腎臟移植術後病患需透過與移植醫護團隊的密切配合，終生接受規則的追蹤與治療，才能確保良好之移植器官功能，進而提升其生活品質。站在醫護團隊照護層面的角度而言，如何教導病患自我健康管理與提昇自我照護能力，實為重要課題。故本文的主要目的乃為陳述目前腎臟移植的醫療照護現況，期望促進臨床醫護人員對此議題更深入之瞭解，進而教育腎臟移植病患自主管理其健康行為，以適時預防與減少併發症發生、達到提昇自我照護品質的目的。

Kidney transplantation is one strategy for treating end-stage renal disease. Recent advances in perioperative management and immunosuppressive agents as well as improved understanding of transplant immunology have improved the post-surgery quality of life of kidney recipients dramatically. However, lifelong monitoring of renal functions and potential complications is essential to ensure optimal medical outcomes. Furthermore, the self-care competency of transplant recipients is a significant factor affecting survival of the graft and the patient over the long term. All kidney transplant recipients should comply with the self-care instructions provided by transplantation medical personnel and work to improve their self-care abilities in order to prevent / detect post-transplant complications such as rejection, infection, and medical comorbidities as early as possible. The purpose of this study is to explore the current management and care issues faced by kidney transplant recipients.