Since some decades the goethean question of "Weltliteratur" is again on the agenda of literary studies and especially comparative literature. But the historical, geo-political and economical contexts of today have apparently nothing in common with the European context characterizing the turn of the XVIIIth to the XIXth century. We are living in a post-colonial, multicultural, politically multi-centered and economically globalized context which seems very different from the « eurocentric » view of the goethean world. So most of contemporary reflections about Universal Literature are polemical. I would like to say some words in defense of the goethean notion of "Weltliteratur" as well as of its romantic cousin of "Universalliteratur": I shall foreground their cosmopolitical and anthropological components and try to show that they were much less naive than we believe them to have been.