目的：骨骼生長可藉由不同方式之阻力訓練來提高其骨質密度峰值，本研究旨在探討不同運動訓練對國小學童跟骨骨質密度的影響。方法：以國小籃球隊（籃球組）、桌球隊（ 桌球組）及未參與校隊（ 對照組） 之高年級學童各10名， 共30名（平均身高154.34±8.07公分、平均體重43.56±10.38公斤，平均年齡為12.0±0.42歲，運動年齡為2.2±0.5年）為研究對象。以OsteoSys超音波骨質密度分析儀進行跟骨骨質密度之測量，所得資料透過SPSS for Windows 18.0進行資料分析與處理，以獨立樣本單因子變異數分析三種不同運動訓練模式對跟骨骨質密度之影響，若達顯著（p<.05）再以雪費法進行事後分析比較。結果：籃球組（103.10±7.92）與桌球組（89.92±7.47）之跟骨骨質密度皆明顯高於對照組（71.27±11.52），且籃球組亦顯著高於桌球組（p<.05）。結論：本研究結果顯示，不同運動訓練模式會影響國小學童跟骨骨質密度，實施跳躍訓練模式，跟骨骨質密度越高，因此運動訓練處方若能加強跳躍動作，有助於學童跟骨骨質密度之提升。

Purpose: People could raise their Bone Mineral Densities through resistance training, and the effect was dependent on the different training modes. Therefore, in this research, the relationship between the different training modes and Bone Mineral Density of Calcaneus was explored for the students in elementary school. Methods: Thirty senior students, whose average height, weight and age were 154.34±8.07cm, 43.56±10.38 kg,12.0±0.42 years old, were invited to help the implementation of our experiment. Ten of these students were the numbers of basketball school team, and another ten students were the numbers of table tennis school team. The other students were categorized into control group, and never joined any sport school team. All students' Bone Mineral Densities of Calcaneus were measured by using OsteoSys SONOST 3000. The measured results were then processed through SPSS for Windows 18.0, and was analyzed to observe the effect of different training modes on Bone Mineral Densities of Calcaneus by the One-Way ANOVA. If two or three training modes were concluded to be able to achieve great effect on improving Bone Mineral Densities of Calcaneus（p＜.05）, their related data were further analyzed and compared by Scheffe. Results: The results show that the students who joined basketball (103.10±7.92) and table tennis(89.92±7.47)school team own higherBone Mineral Densities of Calcaneus than the other students (71.27±11.52). Additionally, the students who joined basketball school team own higher Bone Mineral Densities of Calcaneus than the ones who joined table tennis school team. Conclusion: Based on the experimental results, we can conclude that the students’Bone Mineral Densities of Calcaneus can be effectively improved by jumping exercise. Consequently, the jumping motion can be emphasized on planning the exercise training mode so as to raise the students' Bone Mineral Densities of Calcaneus.