本研究目的在瞭解男性重量訓練者肌肉上癮的發生比例，並探討肌肉上癮、社會體型焦慮和身體檢查行為的關係。研究對象為520位不具運動競賽經驗之成年男性，平均年齡27.9歲（SD = 7.5）；徵求同意後，讓其完成肌肉上癮問卷、社會體型焦慮量表及身體檢查行為問卷的填寫。獲得結果如下：肌肉上癮的發生比例為12.5%。有肌肉上癮在整體肌肉檢查、胸與肩膀肌肉檢查、與他人比較檢查、體態檢測等身體檢查行為構面得分顯著高於無肌肉上癮。而肌肉上癮、社會體型焦慮與整體肌肉檢查、胸與肩膀肌肉檢查、與他人比較檢查、體態檢測等身體檢查行為構面呈顯著的正相關。將社會體型焦慮列為中介變數後，階層迴歸分析結果顯示：肌肉上癮對身體檢查行為的影響雖仍顯著，但影響程度明顯減弱，顯示社會體型焦慮對於「肌肉上癮影響身體檢查行為」具有部分中介的效果；亦即，社會體型焦慮是肌肉上癮影響身體檢查行為的重要途徑之一。本研究結論指出：肌肉上癮的發生與社會體型焦慮有關，且肌肉上癮會誘發檢查整體肌肉發達程度的行為。

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of muscle dysmorphia in male bodybuilders, and to explore the relationships among muscle dysmorphia, social physique anxiety, and body checking behavior. Five hundred and twenty adult males (aged: 27.9 ± 7.5 years old), who were not engaged in competitive sports were participated for this study. After agreeing to participate, all participants were asked to complete a package of inventories, including measures of the muscle dysmorphia questionnaire, social physique anxiety inventory, and body checking behaviors questionnaire. Results showed that the overall occurrence of muscle dysmorphia was 12.5%. Participants, who scored high in muscles dysmorphia were high in global muscle checking, chest and shoulder muscle checking, comparative checking, and body testing of body checking behavior than those, who scored low in muscles dysmorphia. Our results further indicated that muscle dysmorphia, social physique anxiety, global muscle checking, chest and shoulder muscle checking, other-comparative checking, and body measuring behavior were positively correlated. Using social physical anxiety as a mediating variable, hierarchical regression analysis showed that impact of muscle dysmorphia on body checking behaviors remains positive, but less variance accounted. Mediating results suggested that social physical anxiety partially attributed the relationship between muscle dysmorphia and body checking behaviors. On the other hand, social physical anxiety plays an important mechanism for muscle dysmorphia to body checking behaviors. Therefore, we concluded that the occurrence of muscle dysmorphia is related to social physique anxiety, and the muscle dysmorphia predicted the checking behavior of muscularity.