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題名：部分複相關係數在管理研究之探究--控制變數與軟體配合應用
書刊名：人力資源管理學報
作者：龔千芬 引用關係
作者(外文)：Kung, Chien-feng
出版日期：2017
卷期：17:2
頁次：頁73-92
主題關鍵詞：部分複相關係數；控制變數；檢定力計算；假設檢定；樣本數決定；Partial multiple correlation coefficient；Control variables；Power calculation；Hypothesis testing；Sample size determination
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控制變數在管理、組織、與心理各個領域皆被研究者廣泛應用，Organizational Research Methods在2012年更以專刊介紹控制變數相關議題，可見控制變數在研究中應用普遍與重要性。控制變數應用於研究者在控制基本變數下，專注於主要變數對於反應變數的結果，就統計方法而言，部份複相關分析較實用，但卻僅少數學者進行相關議題的研究，因為部份複相關分析理論結構十分複雜，形成重要關卡，更缺乏完整統計軟體支援。本研究著重利用部份複相關分析於假設檢定、檢定力計算、以及樣本數等議題，利用Excel介面的親和性與普及性，提供全面性且實務性的介紹作為研究規劃與分析之用。最後，配合個案詳細的說明如何運用此軟體於規劃研究決策或教學展示上
Control variables are widely used by researchers in various fields, including management, organization and psychology. In 2012, Organizational Research Methods made an exclusive description of the topics about control variables, which demonstrated the ubiquity and importance of control variables in researches. Control variables are applied when researchers control basic variables and focus on the effects of main variables on response variables. As far as the statistical methodology is concerned, the partial multiple correlation analysis is more practical than the multiple correlation analysis. Currently, only a small number of scholars are exploring the topics about the practical partial multiple correlation analysis. The reason for this is that the theoretical structure of the partial multiple correlation is very complicated, which sets a high threshold, and that there is lack of complete statistical software application to support. This research inferences exact probability density function of the partial multiple correlation coefficients, and a extensive accessibity of Microsoft Excel software, the associated computer routines for hypothesis testing, power calculation, and sample determination are developed. With the compatibility and popularity of the Excel interface, this study gives an introduction to its comprehensiveness and practicability to offer reference for research planning and analysis. Finally, a research case is cited for a detailed description of how to apply the software in planning, research and decision-making or instruction presentation
期刊論文
1.Baroudi, J. J.、Orlikowski, W. J.(1989)。The problem of statistical power in MIS research。MIS Quarterly，13(1)，87-106。  new window
2.Algina, J.、Olejnik, S.(2003)。Sample size tables for correlation analysis with applications in partial correlation and multiple regression analysis。Multivariate Behavioral Research，38，308-323。  new window
3.Ding, C. G.(1996)。On the computation of the distribution of the square of the sample multiple correlation coefficient。Computational Statistics & Data Analysis，22，345-350。  new window
4.Gatsonis, C.、Sampson, A. R.(1989)。Multiple correlation: Exact power and sample size calculations。Psychological Bulletin，106，516-524。  new window
5.McCullough, B. D.、Wilson, B.(2005)。On the accuracy of statistical procedures in Microsoft Excel 2003。Computational Statistics and Data Analysis，49，1244-1252。  new window
6.Shieh, G.(2006)。Exact interval estimation, power calculation and sample size determination in normal correlation analysis。Psychometrika，71(3)，529-540。  new window
7.Steiger, J. H.、Fouladi, R. T.(1992)。R2: A computer program for interval estimation, power calculations, sample size estimation, and hypothesis testing in multiple regression。Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers，24，581-582。  new window
8.Algina, J.、Keselman, H. J.、Penfield, R. J.(2008)。Note on a confidence interval for the squared semipartial correlation coefficient。Educational and Psychological Measurement，68，734-741。  new window
9.Algina, J.、Moulder, B. C.(2001)。Sample sizes for confidence intervals on the increase in the squared multiple correlation coefficient。Educational and Psychological Measurement，61，633-649。  new window
10.Algina, J.、Moulder, B. C.、Moser, B. K.(2002)。Sample size requirements for accurate estimation of squared semi-partial correlation coefficients。Multivariate Behavioral Research，37，37-57。  new window
11.Atinc, G.、Simmering, M. J.、Kroll, M. J.(2012)。Control variable use and reporting in macro and micro management research。Organizational Research Methods，15(1)，57-74。  new window
12.Bathurst, J. E.(1927)。A partial correlation schema。Journal of Applied Psychology，11，154-164。  new window
13.Becker, T. E.(2005)。Potential problems in the statistical control of variables in organizational research: A qualitative analysis with recommendations。Organizational Research Methods，12，687-694。  new window
14.Breaugh, J. A.(2006)。Rethinking the control of nuisance variables in theory testing。Journal of Business and Psychology，20，429-443。  new window
15.Breaugh, J. A.(2008)。Important considerations in using statistical procedures to control for nuisance variables in non-experimental studies。Human Resource Management Review，18，282-293。  new window
16.Breaugh, J. A.、Arnold, J.(2007)。Controlling nuisance variables by using a matched-groups design。Organizational Research Methods，10，523-541。  new window
17.Burks, B. S.(1926)。On the inadequacy of the partial and multiple correlation technique。Journal of Educational Psychology，17，625-630。  new window
18.Carlson, K. D.、Wu, J.(2012)。The illusion of statistical control: control variable practice in management research。Organizational Research Methods，15，413-435。  new window
19.Krishnan, H. A.、Daewoo, P.(1998)。Effects of top management team change on performance in downsized US companies。Management International Review，38，303-319。  new window
20.Dohrenwend, B. S.、Dohrenwend, B. P.、Dodson, M.、Shrout, P. E.(1984)。Symptoms hassles, social supports and life events: Problem of confounded measures。Journal of Abnormal Psychology，93，222-230。  new window
21.Gupta, S. D.(1977)。Tests on multiple correlation coefficient and multiple partial correlation coefficient。Journal of Multivariate Analysis，7，82-88。  new window
22.Hull, J. G.、Tedlie, J. C.、Lehn, D. A.(1992)。Moderator variables in personality research: The problem of controlling for plausible alternatives。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，18，115-117。  new window
23.Lee, Y.(1972)。Tables of upper percentage points of the multiple correlation coefficient。Biometrika，59，175-189。  new window
24.Meehl, P. E.(1971)。High school yearbooks: A reply to Schwarz。Journal of Abnormal Psychology，77，143-148。  new window
25.Mendoza, J. L.、Stafford, K. L.(2001)。Confidence intervals, power calculation, and sample size estimation for the squared multiple correlation coefficient under the fixed and random regression models: A computer program and useful standard tables。Educational and Psychological Measurement，61，650-667。  new window
26.Spector, P. E.、Brannick, M. T.(2011)。Methodological urban legends: The misuse of statistical control variables。Organizational Research Methods，14(2)，287-305。  new window
27.Wren, F. L.(1938)。The calculation of partial and multiple coefficients of regression and correlation。Journal of Educational Psychology，29，695-700。  new window
28.Spector, P. E.、Zapf, D.、Chen, P. Y.、Frese, M.(2000)。Why Negative Affectivity Should Not Be Controlled in Job Stress Research: Don't Throw Out the Baby with the Bath Water。Journal of Organizational Behavior，21，79-95。  new window
圖書
1.Schmitt, N. W.、Klimoski, R. J.(1991)。Research methods in human resources management。Cincinnati, OH：South-Western Publishing。  new window
2.Schwab, D. P.(1999)。Research Methods for Organizational Studies。Mahwah, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。  new window
3.Neter, J.、Kutner, M. H.、Nachtsheim, C. J.、Wasserman, W.(1996)。Applied linear statistical models。McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.。  new window
4.Anderson, T. W.(1984)。An introduction to multivariate statistical analysis。John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。  new window
圖書論文
1.Spector, P. E.、Brannick, M. T.(1995)。The nature and effects of method variance in organizational research。International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology。Chichester：Wiley。  new window
2.Meehl, P. E.(1970)。Nuisance variables and the ex post facto design。Analyses of theories and methods of physics and psychology。Minneapolis, MN：University of Minnesota Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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