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來源文獻資料
摘要
外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
第一次世界大戰初期英國-伊朗關係(1914~1915)
書刊名:
成大歷史學報
作者:
陳立樵
作者(外文):
Chen, li-chiao
出版日期:
2018
卷期:
54
頁次:
頁163-187
主題關鍵詞:
第一次世界大戰
;
WWI
;
Mostowfi al-Mamalek
;
'Eyn al-Dowleh
;
Edward Grey
;
Walter Townley
;
Charles Marling
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
1
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:
2
點閱:3
自十九世紀以來,英國與俄國在西亞與中亞爭奪勢力範圍,史稱「大博奕」。伊朗處於這個區域之內,長期承受了英俄兩國的壓力。在十九世紀末,統一的德國成為伊朗欲抗衡英俄勢力的合作對象。不過,整體而言在強權掌握遊戲規則的時代,伊朗難以擺脱束縛,追尋自主。一次大戰爆發後,伊朗雖宣布中立,但是英俄與德國及鄂圖曼帝國交戰,不僅波及伊朗西部邊界,還影響伊朗的內政與外交。1915年間伊朗内閣幾次更迭,英國都擔憂每任伊朗內閣都會向德國靠攏。然而無論伊朗內閣如何改組,她沒有放棄中立。這都是為了尋求自主,不希望受到大戰在政治與軍事方面的牽制。至1915年年底,英國試圖聯合俄國向伊朗要求結盟,目的就是在於排除伊朗與德國靠攏的可能性。於是,一戰時期歐洲強權的政治角力,對伊朗的內政與外交有莫大的影響,伊朗的中立自主仍難實現。
以文找文
This article explores Anglo-Iranian relations during the early period of the First World War. From the nineteenth century on, Britain and Russia scrambled for influence in West Asia and Central Asia, the so-called "Great Game" of rivalry. Iran had long received pressure from both Britain and Russia, putting constraints on all aspects of its development. After its unification in 1871, Germany was the only powerful state upon which Iran could rely to balance the pressures from Britain and Russia, though Iran still could not get rid of all the control imposed upon it during the era of great power politics. After the outbreak of the First World War, Iran declared its neutrality but Britain suspected that Iran would soon side with Germany. Undoubtedly, Iran's neutrality was intended to preserve its autonomy and to prevent its being tied up. politically and militarily, to any states involved in the war. At the end of 1915, Britain occupied several areas in southern Iran to prevent the Germans from penetrating into the country. Britain also proposed jointly with Russia to make an alliance with Iran to eliminate the possibility of its leaning towards Germany. The rivalry of the European powers had its impact not only on Europe but also Iran's domestic and foreign policies. Therefore, Iran's goal of neutrality and independence from British and Russian pressure was still far from being achieved after the outbreak of the First World War.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Andreeva, Elena、Nouraei, Morteza(2013)。Russia Settlements in Iran in the Early Twentieth Century: Initial Phase of Colonization。Iranian Studies,46(3),415-442。
2.
(1907)。Convention Signed on August 31, 1907, between Great Britain and Russia, Containing Arrangements on the Subject of Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet。American Journal of International Law,1(4),398-406。
3.
Barton, James L.(1918)。The Ottoman Empire and the War。The Journal of Race Development,9(1),1-15。
4.
Clark, James D.(2006)。Constitutionalists and Cossacks: the Constitutional Movement and Russian Intervention in Tabriz, 1907-1911。Iranian Studies,39(2),199-225。
5.
Cronin, Stephanie(2012)。Deserters, Converts, Cossacks and Revolutionaries: Russians in Iranian Military Service 1800-1920。Middle Eastern Studies,48(2),147-182。
6.
Hughes, Thomas L.(2002)。The German Mission to Afghanistan, 1915-1916。German Studies Review,25(3),447-476。
7.
Keddie, Nikki(1969)。Iranian Politics 1900-1905: Background to Revolution。Middle Eastern Studies,5(3),234-250。
8.
Keddie, Nikki(1969)。Iranian Politics 1900-1905: Background to Revolution。Middle Eastern Studies,5(1),3-31。
9.
Keddie, Nikki(1969)。Iranian Politics 1900-1905: Background to Revolution。Middle Eastern Studies,5(2),151-167。
10.
Martin, Vanessa(1993)。Hartwig and Russian Policy in Iran 1906-8。Middle Eastern Studies,29(1),1-21。
11.
Sarkar, Benoy Kumar(1919)。The Reshaping of the Middle East。Journal of Race Development,9(4),332-343。
12.
Staley, Eugene(1933)。Business and Politics in the Persian Gulf: the Story of the Wonckhaus Firm。Political Science Quarterly,48(3),367-385。
13.
Sontag, Raymond J.(1928)。German Foreign Policy, 1904-1906。The American Historical Review,33(2),278-301。
14.
陳立樵(20141200)。石油開採與英伊關係(1901-1914)。東吳歷史學報,32,203-240。
延伸查詢
圖書
1.
Martin, Bradford G.(1959)。German-Persian Diplomatic Relations 1873-1912。Gravenhage:Mouton & Co.。
2.
(1919)。Treaties and Undertakings in Force between the British Government and the Shaikh of Mohammerah 1899-1919。Calcutta:Superintendent Government Printing。
3.
Shuster, W. Morgan(1912)。The Strangling of Persia。New York:The Century Co.。
4.
Kazemzadeh, Firuz(1968)。Russia and Britain in Persia, 1864-1914: A Study in Imperialism。Yale University Press。
5.
McDaniel, Robert A.(1974)。The Shuster Mission and the Persian Constitutional Revolution。Minneapolis:Bibliotheca Islamica。
6.
Martin, Vanessa(1989)。Islam and Modernism:The Iranian Revolution of 1906。London:I. B. Tauris。
7.
Nezam Mafi, Reza Quli(1958)。Ketab-e Sabz。Tehran:Nashr-e Tarikh-e Iran。
8.
Akhvan, Sefa(2002)。Iran va Jang-e Jahani-ye Avval。Tehran:Markaze Chap va Entesharat-e Vezarat-e Omur-e Kharejeh。
9.
Atabaki, Touraj(2006)。Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers。I. B. Tauris。
10.
Avery, Peter、Hambly, Gavin、Melville, Charles(1991)。The Cambridge History of Iran: from Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
11.
Churchill, Rogers Platt(1939)。The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907。Iowa:Torch Press。
12.
Deutschmann, Moritz(2016)。Iran and Russian Imperialism: the Ideal Anarchists, 1800-1914。Routledge。
13.
Fatemi, Nasrollah Saifpour(1952)。Diplomatic History of Persia 1917-1923: Anglo-Russian Power Politics in Iran。New York:Russell F. Moor Company。
14.
Ferrier, R. W.(1982)。The History of the British Petroleum Company Volume 1: the Developing Years 1901-1932。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
15.
Floor, Willem(2011)。The Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka'b, and Bandar Abbas。Washington, DC:Mage Publishers。
16.
Floor, Willem(2010)。The Persian Gulf: the Rise and Fall of Bandar-e-Lengeh, the Distribution Center for the Arabian Coast 1750-1930。Washington, DC:Mage Publishers。
17.
Kedourie, Elie、Haim, Sylvia G.(1980)。Towards a Modern Iran: Studies in Thought, Politics and Society。London:Frank Cass。
18.
Khatib-Shahidi, Rashid Armin(2013)。German Foreign Policy towards Iran before World War II: Political Relations, Economic Influence and the National Bank of Persia。I. B. Tauris。
19.
Lenczowsky, George(1962)。The Middle East in World Affairs。Ithaca:Cornell University Press。
20.
Mahajan, Sneh(2002)。British Foreign Policy 1874-1914: the Role of India。Routledge。
21.
Majd, Mohammad Gholi(2003)。Persia in World War I and Its Conquest by Great Britain。Lanham:University Press of America。
22.
Majd, Mohammad Gohli(2008)。From Qajar to Pahlavi: Iran, 1919-1930。Maryland:University Press of America。
23.
Martin, Vanessa(2005)。Anglo-Iranian Relations since 1800。Routledge。
24.
Olson, Wm. J.(1984)。Anglo-Iranian Relations during World War。London:Frank Cass。
25.
Ramazani, Rouhollah K.(1966)。The Foreign Policy of Iran: a Developing Nation in World Affairs 1500-1941。Charlottesville:University Press of Virginia。
26.
Sabahi, Houshang(1990)。British Policy in Persia 1918-1925。London:Frank Cass。
27.
Sarolea, Charles(1915)。The Anglo-German Problem。The Knickerbocker Press。
28.
Sergeev, Evgeny(2014)。Russo-British Relations in Central and East Asia: the Great Game 1856-1907。Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press。
29.
Siegel, Jennifer(2002)。Endgame-Britain, Russia and the Final Struggle for Central Asia。I. B. Tauris。
30.
Stewart, Jules(2014)。The Kaiser's Mission to Kabul: a Secret Expedition to Afghanistan in World War I。I. B. Tauris。
31.
Sykes, Christopher(1936)。Wassmuss: "the German Lawrence"。London:Longmans, Green and Co.。
32.
Wilson, Arnold(1941)。SW. Persia: a Political Officer's Diary 1907-1914。London:Oxford University。
33.
Yapp, M. E.(1996)。The Making of the Modern Near East 1792-1923。Longman。
圖書論文
1.
Lenczowsky, George(1983)。Foreign Powers' Intervention in Iran during World War I。Qajar Iran: Political, Social and Cultural Change 1800-1925。Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press。
2.
'Aleyf, S. M.(2002)。Tahavvolat-e Mohem dar Siyasat-e Towse'eh Talabi-ye Rusieh: Nesbat beh Iran 1906-1917。Iran va Jang-e Jahani-ye Avval。Tehran:Markaz-e Chap va Entesharat-e Vezarat-e Omur-e Kharejeh。
3.
Ettehadiyyeh, Mansoureh(2006)。The Iranian Provisional Government。Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers。I. B. Tauris。
4.
Kavvasi 'Araqi, Mohammad Hossein(2002)。Naqz bi Tarafi-ye Iran dar Jang-e Jahani-ye Avval。Iran va Jang-e Jahani-ye Avval。Tehran:Markaz-e Chap va Entesharat-e Vezarat-e Omur-e Kharejeh。
5.
Keddie, Nikki(1991)。Iran under the Later Qajars, 1848-1922。The Cambridge History of Iran: from Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
6.
Nezam Mafi, Mansoureh Ettehadieh(2005)。The Relationship between the British and Abd Al-Husain Mirza Farman-Farma during His Governorship of Fars, 1916-20。Anglo-Iranian Relations Since 1800。Routledge。
7.
Olson, Wm. J.(1980)。The Genesis of the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919。Towards A Modern Iran: Studies in Thought, Politics and Society。London:Frank Cass。
8.
Rahmani, 'Ali(2002)。Jayegah-e Iran dar Esteratezi-ye Alman。Iran va Jang-e Jahani-ye Avval。Tehran:Markaz-e Chap va Entesharat-e Vezarat-e Omur-e Kharejeh。
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