我國深受藥物濫用之危害由來已久，不同時期濫用之毒品種類各有不同，本文略述我國藥物濫用之歷史，各時期主要濫用毒品種類，並探討相關藥物濫用防制政策之演變，並透過亞洲鄰近國家（日本，新加坡，中國及香港）之戒毒處遇作為之初探，藉以為我國擬訂相關政策之參考借鏡毒品之戒治應以如何使毒品使用者戒除毒品為主要目標，透過多元方式並考量施用毒品之類型，使用原因及目的，使用者之人格特性和戒治意願等因素，方能發揮效果，然而毒品種類日新月異，各種毒品效果不同，吸毒者使用目的相異，同時伴隨複雜的個人，家庭及社會問題，戒毒方式已不能用單一方式處理，除應確立罪犯及病人之平衡點，提高醫療資源投入，加強追蹤輔導及多元處遇方案之訂定外，更應建立以實證研究（evidence-based）為基礎之戒毒模式，針對目前國內不同戒毒模式進行深入探討分析，並參採世界各國之戒毒經驗與方法，以瞭解不同毒品使用者適合採用之模式為何，並透過實證研究評估其成效。

People in Taiwan have experienced the suffering from drug abuse problems for a long time. There have been different drug types in each period. In this article, we briefly reviewed the history of drug problems and the main types of drug abuse in each period in Taiwan. We also discussed the evolution of the drug addiction treatment policies in neighboring countries in Asia (i.e., Japan, Singapore, China and Hong Kong for our reference The main purpose of drug treatment should aim to help drug users from relapse, and an effective drug treatment protocol should consider simultaneously the type of drug use, the reasons and purpose of use, the users personality, characteristics and the willingness to receive treatment etc. However, due to the quickly developing new drugs, the effects of these drugs may vary and the purpose of drug use may be different Furthermore, drug abuse may also be accompanied by complicated personal, family and social problems at same time. Therefore, it is never easy to deal with the problems of drug abuse. For the balance of illicit use behavior as a disease or a criminal offense, it is important to improve the investment in medical resources, to strengthen the follow-up counseling and to develop the diversified treatment programs, and further to establish evidence-based drug treatment model. We should scrutinize and evaluate the different treatment models in domestic and to learn the experiences of drug treatments from other countries worldwide. Through the efforts of evidence-based research, the suitable drug treatment model(s) with cost- effectiveness could be adopted.