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A.(2000)。Effectiveness of problem-based learning curricula: Research and theory。Academic Medicine,75(3),259-266。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 6. | Norman, G. R.、Schmidt, H. G.(2000)。Effectiveness of problem-based learning curricula: Theory, practice and paper darts。Medical Education,34(9),721-728。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 7. | Vernon, David T. A.、Blake, Robert L.(1993)。Does problem-based learning work? A meta-analysis of evaluative research。Academic Medicine,68(7),550-563。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 8. | Schmidt, Henk G.、Rotgans, Jerome I.、Yew, Elaine H. J.(2011)。The process of problem-based learning: What works and why。Medical Education,45(8),792-806。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 9. | Neufeld, Victor R.、Barrows, Howard S.(1974)。The "McMaster Philosophy": an approach to medical education。Journal of Medical Education,49,1040-1050。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 10. | Iputo, J. E.、Kwizera, E.(2005)。Problem-based learning improves the academic performance of medical students in South Africa。Medical Education,39(4),388-393。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 11. | Antepohl, W.、Herzig, S.(1999)。Problem-based learning versus lecture-based learning in a course of basic pharmacology: A controlled, randomized study。Medical Education,33(2),106-113。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 12. | Albanese, Mark A.、Mitchell, Susan(1993)。Problem-based learning: A review of literature on its outcomes and implementation issues。Academic Medicine,68(1),52-81。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 13. | Huang, T. L.、Kwan, C. Y.(2003)。Preface for the proceedings of "The 3rd Asia-Pacific Conference on PBL in Health Science"。J. Med. Educ.,7,291-292。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 14. | Neville, A. J.、Norman, G. R.(2007)。PBL in the undergraduate MD program at McMaster University: three iterations in three decades。Acad. Med.,82(4),370-374。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 15. | Achike, F. I.、Lee, M. C.、Lin, H. W.(2015)。Promoting Interprofessional education (IPE) with PBL through the biennial Asia-Pacific Joint Conference of PBL (APJC-PBL)。J. Med. Education,19,153-162。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 16. | Kinkade, S.(2005)。A snapshot of the status of problem-based learning in U.S. medical schools, 2003-2004。Acad. Med.,80,300-301。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 17. | Kozu, T.(2006)。Medical education in Japan。Acad. Med.,81,1069-1075。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 18. | Lloyd-Jones, G.、Margetson, D.、Bligh, J. G.(1998)。Problem-based learning: a coat of many colours。Med. Educ.,32,492-494。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 19. | Maudsley, G.(1999)。Do we all mean the same thing by "problem-based learning"? A review of the concepts and a formulation of the ground rules。Academic Medicine,74,178-185。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 20. | Stetten, D. W. Jr.(1968)。Medical school curricular reform。Science,160(3834),1293。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 21. | Haidet, P.、O'Malley, K. J.、Richards, G.(2002)。An initial experience with "Team Learning" in medical education。Acad. Med.,77,40-44。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 22. | Srinivasan, M.、Wilkes, M.、Stevenson, F.、Nguyen, T.、Slavin, S.(2007)。Comparing problem-based learning with case-based learning: effects of a major curricular shift at two institutions。Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges,82(1),74-82。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 23. | Parmelee, D.、Michaelsen, L. K.、Cook, S.、Hudes, P. D.(2012)。Team-based learning: A practical guide: AMEE guide No. 65。Medical Teacher,34(5),e275-e287。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 24. | Dormans, D.、Michaelsen, L.、van Merriënboer, J.、van der Vleuten, C.(2015)。Should we choose between problem-based learning and team-based learning? No combine the best of both worlds!。Med. Teach.,37,354-359。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 25. | Prince, K. J. A. H.、van Eijs, P. W. L. J.、Boshuizen, H. P. A.(2005)。General competencies of problem-based learning (PBL) and non-PBL graduates。Med. Educ.,39(4),394-401。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 26. | Norman, G. R.、Wenghofer, E.、Klass, D.(2008)。Predicting doctor performance outcomes of curriculum interventions: problem-based learning and continuing competence。Med. Edu.,42,794-799。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 27. | Kaufman, D. M.(2000)。Problem-based learning--time to step back?。Med. Educ.,34,510-511。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 28. | Frambach, J. M.、Driessen, E. W.、Chan, L. C.(2012)。Rethinking the globalization of problem-based learning: how culture challenges self-directed learning。Med. Educ.,46,738-747。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 29. | Norman, Geoffrey R.、Schmidt, Henk G.(1992)。The psychological basis of problem-based learning: A review of the evidence。Academic Medicine,67(9),557-565。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 圖書1. | Barrows, H. S.、Tamblyn, R. M.、Springer Publishing Company(1980)。Problem-based learning: An approach to medical education。New York, NY:Springer Publishing Company。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 2. | Association of Japanese Medical Colleges(2015)。Current aspects of curricula in Japanese medical schools 2015。Tokyo。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 3. | Flexner, A.(2010)。Medical Education in the United States and Canada. A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching。Memphis:General Books。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 4. | Williams, G.(1980)。Western Reserve's experiment in medical education and its outcomes。New York:Oxford University Press。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 5. | Spaulding, W. B.(1991)。Revitalizing medical education。Philadelphia:B. C. Decker Inc.。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 6. | Michaelson, L. K.、Parmelee, D. X.、McMahon, K. K.(2008)。Team-based learning for health professions education。Sterling:Stylus Publishing。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 7. | Tosteson, D. C.、Adelstein, S. J.、Carver, S. T.(1994)。New Pathways to Medical Education: Learning to Learn at Harvard Medical School。Cambridge:Harvard University Press。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 其他1. | Kwan, Chiu-yin(20160300)。Commentary: Five Decades of Skepticism about PBL in Medical Education: A Reflection and Outlook in the Asia Pacific Context。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | 圖書論文1. | Kozu, T.(2009)。Concept of "Incremental PBL tutorial"。Tutorial education。Tokyo:Shinohara Shuppan Shinsha。 ![](/gs32/thssjcncl/image/nclsfx.gif) ![new window](/gs32/images/newin.png) | |