本研究目的在探討單次心率變異度生物回饋（heart rate variability biofeedback, HRVB）介入對高爾夫選手推桿成功率及推桿期間心率變異度立即性的影響。本研究召募10名大專高爾夫選手，以交叉試驗法分別1週內進行HRVB試驗（biofeedback, BF）與自然呼吸試驗（natural breath, NB）。BF試驗參與者先進行共振頻率測試，以每分鐘呼吸6.5、6.0、5.5、5.0、4.5次的頻率各進行3分鐘。接著坐姿休息10分鐘後，進行HRVB。HRVB是以共振頻率所測得之低頻功率最高的頻率來進行；NB則是自主呼吸。然後進行後測坐姿休息10分鐘，接著進行開始推桿20次。參與者全程配戴心率傳感器收集心跳數據。推桿則使用高爾夫模擬器來評估推桿表現。於前測休息前和推桿結束後各測量一次情境焦慮特質量表。研究結果顯示BF試驗與NB試驗之間的心率變異度參數在介入期間有顯著差異。在推桿平均誤差值與心理焦慮量表兩種試驗間則沒有顯著差別。本研究結論為單次HRVB介入對大專高爾夫選手推桿表現與心理焦慮狀況無明顯效果，單次HRVB介入能夠提高大專高爾夫球選手自律神經功能，使交感神經功能與副交感神經功能提升，但在單次介入後該效果並未能持續，因此單次HRVB介入的效果僅在介入期間出現。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a single heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) intervention on putting performance and autonomic function among golfers. In this crossover-designed study, 10 university golfers were voluntarily participated in HRVB intervention. The participants took part in resonance frequency tests with breathing rates ranged from 6.5 to 6.0, 5.5 and 4.5 times per minute for 3 min following by a 10 min resting heart rate variability (HRV) recorded at sitting position. The participants were then undertook either 10 min HRVB training (biofeedback, BF) or 10 min natural breath (NB) trial in association with 10 min resting HRV, and 20 putting performances. Portable polar heart rate monitor was used to measure the changes in heart rate throughout the experiment. A golf stimulator was used to assess the putting performance. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) questionnaire was used to measure the anxiety status of participants. The major findings of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between BF and NB trials during intervention. Significant difference of HRV modulation was also found between intervention and resting conditions in BF trail. However, no significant difference was observed on putting performance and STAI-S scores between the conditions. We conclude that acute HRVB intervention had no effect on golf putting performance and anxiety status in golfers. Although autonomic function appears to be improved during HRVB intervention and this result makes our strength of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous functions increased. The positive effect has no longer been sustained immediately after HRVB intervention.