Objectives: If a fire breaks out in a medical institution and cannot be extinguished immediately, serious personnel and property damage will occur. The purpose of this project is to improve the equipment and response procedures for a fire, and to promote the response capabilities of a medical care team and neighboring units, in an isolation room for radioactive iodine therapy. Methods: The improvement team consisted of nine members from the Superintendent's Office, Division of Planning and Management, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Nursing, Department of Engineering and Maintenance, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, and Division of Hospital Quality and Safety. Using the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis method, the main and following processes for fire response were drawn. The failure modes and their potential causes of each process were listed accordingly. A decision tree to improve the process was also made. Results: The failure modes for fire response in the isolation room include i.) uncertain evacuation routes, ii.) no immediate supporting personnel, iii.) not receiving the fire notification instantly, and iv.) lacking patient identification and further medical care after evacuation. We developed countermeasures for potential causes of failure modes with a risk priority number (RPN) greater than eight points, e.g. installing the fire alarm system which triggers the door to open and links the information to the central control room of the hospital, changing the support units and modifying its notification processes, introducing a continuous notification system, and improving the feasibility of patient identification. Conclusions: After improvement, the RPN decreased from 394 to 111 points and the improvement effectiveness reached 72%. This project indeed improved the equipment and response procedures for a fire, and promoted the response capabilities of the medical care team and neighboring units in the isolation room.