印尼是一個領土幅員遼闊且分散的國家，境內有擁數萬個島嶼，人民使用超過700種語言。從1945年獨立建國以來，該如何在多族群裡「異中求同」成爲印尼的國家格言與建國綱領，也一直是印尼政治菁英的重要任務。印尼的族群政策最大的挑戰在於「異」與「同」這兩個概念。「異」是一個客觀的存在，而「同」則是其政策目標。本文從「異」與「同」的概念出發，挑選出三個較爲顯著的相關議題來探討，包含：民族打造、語言政策、內部移民。本文採歷史社會學的途徑來進行探索性的研究，目的在探討印尼在這三個議題領域的族群政策為何，而重點在於檢視其如何異中求同，以及其所面臨的問題，最後再提出作者的結語和省思。

Indonesia is a country with a vast and scattered territory. It has tens of thousands of islands and its people speak more than 700 languages. As a culturally diverse country, ＂unity in diversity＂ has become Indonesia's national motto as well as nation-building policy since its independence in 1945. It has also been an important task for Indonesian political elites. In summary, the biggest challenge in Indonesia's ethnic policy lies in the issues of ＂diversity＂ and ＂unity.＂ ＂Diversity＂ is an objective existence, while ＂unity＂ is its policy goal. Starting from the concept of ＂diversity＂ and ＂unity,＂ this article explores three significant related issues, including: nation-building, language policy, and transmigration policy. Based on a historical sociological approach, this article pays particular attention on examining how Indonesian government pursues the goal of unity through a national language policy and transmigration policy. This article also discusses the problems that Indonesia has faced in policy implementation. A summarized conclusion and brief reflection are presented in the last section.