Sideline businesses played a significant role in peasant livelihoods within
rural Japan. But due to the neglect of government and exploitation by
merchants, rural sideline businesses had failed to develop adequately in
pre-modern Japan. After the 1890s, Japan’s government undertook measures
to promote and subsidize the development of rural sideline businesses,
especially encouraging small-scale producers to establish cooperatives, which
could prevent the proprietors from facing exploitation, induce technological
reform, raise output, and improve quality. However, the government’s goal
was in fact to develop rural sideline businesses as a means to supplement
agriculture, and ultimately, the side endeavors still did not receive due
attention from Japan’s government.