This article investigates Karl Barth's theological reconstruction of the problem of religion in his two Römerbriefkommentare (Römerbriefkommentar 1919, and Römerbriefkommenar 1922) in order to rediscover and recognize the theological value of the problem of religion in Barth's theology. There is no doubt that Barth's theological reconstruction of the problem of religion in both of his Römerbriefkommentare aims to refute the concept of religion in Schleiermacher's theology. However, there is also an important positive dimension in his reconstruction of the problem of religion, because in Römerbriefkommentar 1919, "religion" can be the visible "symbol" of "faith", and in Römerbriefkommentar 1922, "religion" can be the "negative truth" that makes people recognize "sin". Firstly, this article is based upon Barth's two reports about religion (the report "Religion und Sozialismus" in 1915, and the report "Religion und Leben" in 1917), with an aim to figure out Barth's theological attitude towards the problem of religion. Besides, this article analyzes the fourth chapter "Die biblische Stimme" of Römerbriefkommentar 1919, and the seventh chapter "Freiheit" in Römerbriefkommentar 1922, to see how Barth offered different ways to solve the problem of religion in these two different chapters. His solution was the positive reconstruction of the problem of religion in his own theology, especially when he took the religion of the prophets and the apostles as his example to show how religion could properly achieve its theological value. In Römerbriefkommentar 1919, Abraham's religion is the symbol that serves as a witness to Abraham's faith, just like the case of circumcision. In Römerbriefkommentar 1922, religion is regarded as the negative truth that serves as a witness to God's freedom and glory, just like the case of the law. Therefore, we should recognize the positive dimension in Barth's reconstruction of the problem of religion in both of his Römerbriefkommentare, instead of reducing it into a critique of religion in Schleiermacher's theology.