This paper is analyzed the ethnic Chinese group by the concept of "national language" in Vietnam in modern times. Through the changes of the Chinese ethnic group and their Chinese language education, it discusses how Chinese and Chinese language education in modern Vietnam responded to the restrictions of the political environment under the rule of different regimes, as well as the efforts to ensure the survival of the national language. From a historical perspective, Chinese language, which has the phonetic symbols of "Bopomofo" ( ㄅㄆㄇㄈ ), was taught to educated for ethnic Chinese of Vietnam who were born before the 1970s. In 1955, the policy of naturalization of overseas Chinese was implemented by the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) government and then most of the Chinese had became Vietnamese nationals. After the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1975, the status of ethnic Chinese in Vietnam was oppressed and Chinese education was interrupted. After the Renovation Policy (Đổi Mới) in 1986, the ethnic Chinese policy regained attention from the government in Vietnam. In addition, the rapid economic growth drove driven the demand for Chinese language talents because of Taiwan's large-scale economic and trade investment in Vietnam in the 1990s. Chinese language education has since begun to recover and develop vigorously. The ethnic Chinese of Vietnam are an important ethnic group in Vietnamese history, and the development of their national language is influenced by the interaction between their own culture and national political power.