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來源文獻資料
外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
學習層次與增強因素對智能不足兒童加算學習成效之影響
書刊名:
教育心理學報
作者:
陳榮華
出版日期:
1979
卷期:
12
頁次:
頁51-68
主題關鍵詞:
兒童
;
智能不足
;
層次
;
學習
;
學習成效
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
10
) 博士論文(
1
) 專書(
1
) 專書論文(
1
)
排除自我引用:
9
共同引用:
4
點閱:25
This study examined the effects of the learning hierarchy and reinforcement contingency on addition performance in retarded and non-retarded children. Eighty-eight retarded children selected from special classes and 88 non-retarded children selected from regular classes, both in elementary school level in Taipei City, were used in this experiment. Within each of these two IQ groups, the subjects were further divided according to learning hierarchy and reinforcement conditions into four subgroups (i.e., No overleaping-Reinforcement, No overleaping-No reinforcement, Overleaping-Reinforcement, and Overleaping-No reinforcement). A hierarchical sequence of addition skills was developed for this study. The different levels of computational problems were selected from the hierarchical sequence of addition skills for each subject. The experiment was conducted with a small group (2 to 4 children with the same performance level) or with individual student in the subjects' school. Each subject participated in the experiment for three weeks, the first week was used for taking the baseline \and the following two weeks were used for the formal experiment. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1) The retarded children showed a more inferior computational performance in terms of gain score, percent correct, correct rate and general error rate than did non-retarded children. 2) When the addition tasks were presented in a learning hierarchical sequence, the subjects not only easily acquired the new addition skills, but also performed the tasks quickly and accurately. It is worth pointing out that the lower percent correct and a higher error rate in the overleaping condition was more obvious for the retarded children. 3) Although the reinforcement contingency increased the subjects' computational proficiency (in terms of correct rate), it was not wholly effective in the acquisition situation in terms of percent correct.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Zigler, E.、Butterfield, E. C.(1968)。Motivational aspects of changes in IQ test performance of culturally deprived nursery school children。Child Development,39,1-14。
2.
Vitello, S. J.(1976)。Quantitative abilities of mentally retarded children。Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded,11,125-129。
3.
Burns, P. C.(1961)。Arithmetic fundamentals for the educable mentally retarded。American Journal of Mental Deficiency,66,57-61。
4.
Finley, C. J.(1962)。Arithmetic achievement in mentally retarded children: the effects of presenting the problem in different contexts。American Journal of Mental Deficiency,67,281-286。
5.
Girardeau, F. L.、Spradlin, J. E.(1964)。Token rewards in a cottage program。Mental Retardation,2,345-351。
6.
Hunt. J. G.、Fitzhugh, L. C.、Fitzhugh, K. B.(1968)。Teaching "exit-ward" patients appropriate personal appearance by using reinforcement techniques。American Journal of Mental Deficiency,73,41-45。
7.
MacMillan, D. L.(1971)。The problem of motivation in the education of the mentally retarded。Exceptional Children,37,579-586。
8.
Zigler, E.(1967)。Familial mental retardation: A continuing dilemma。Science,155(3760),292-298。
9.
Gagné, R. M.(1962)。The acquisition of knowledge。Psychological Review,69,355-365。
10.
Smith, D. D.、Lovitt, T. C.(1976)。The differential effects of reinforcement contingencies on arithmetic performance。Journal of Learning Disabilities,9,21-40。
11.
Goodstein, H. A.、Kahn, H.、Cawley, J. F.(1976)。The achievement of educable mentally retarded children on the Key Math diagnostic arithmetic test。The Journal of Special Educator,10(1),61-70。
12.
Blake, K. A.、Williams, C. L.(1968)。Induction and deduction and retarded, normal and superior subjects' concept attainment。American Journal of Mental Deficiency,73,226-231。
13.
Kern, W. A.(1967)。Negative transfer on sorting tasks, MA, and IQ in normal and retarded children。American Journal of Mental Deficiency,72(3),416-421。
14.
Noffsinger, T.、Dobbs, V.(1970)。Teaching Arithmetic to Educable Mentally Retarded Children (Review)。The Journal of Educational Research,64(4),177-184。
15.
Stephens, W. E.(1966)。Category usage of normal and subnormal children in three types of categories。American Journal of Mental Deficiency,71,265-273。
16.
Vitello, S. J.(1973)。Facilitation of class inclusion among retarded children。American Journal of Mental Deficiency,78(2),158-162。
17.
MacMillan, D. L.(1969)。Motivational differences: Cultural-familial retardates vs. normal subjects on expectancy for failure。American Journal of Mental Deficiency,74,254-258。
18.
Bidwell, J. K.(1969)。Learning structures for arithmetic。The Arithmetic Teacher,16(4),263-268。
19.
Birnbrauer, J. S.、Lawler, J.(1964)。Token reinforcement for learning。Mental Retardation,2,275-279。
20.
Birnbrauer, J. S.、Wolf, M. M.、Kidder, J.、Tague, C. E.(1965)。Classroom behavior of retarded pupils with token reinforcement。Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,2,219-235。
21.
Cruickshank, W. M.(1948)。Arithmetic abilities of mentally retarded children。Journal of Educational Research,42,161-170。
22.
Cruickshank, W. M.(1948)。Arithmetic work habits of mentally retarded boys。American Journal of Mental Deficiency,52,318-330。
23.
Dunn, L. M.(1954)。A comparison of the reading processes of mentally retarded and normal boys of the same mental age。Monograph of the Society for Research in Child Development,19(1),7-99。
24.
Gruen, G.、Zigler, E.(1968)。Expectancy of success, and the probability learning of middle-class, lower-class, and the retarded children。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,73(4),342-352。
25.
Haywood, H. C.(1976)。The ethics of doing research and of not doing it。American Journal of Mental Deficiency,81(4),311-317。
26.
Lent, J. R.(1968)。Mimosa Cottage: Experiment in hope。Psychology Today,2,50-58。
27.
O'Leary, K. D.、Drabman, R.(1971)。Token reinforcement programs in the classroom: A review。Psychological Bulletin,75(6),379-398。
28.
Smith, D. D.、Smith, J. O.、Haring, N. G.(1977)。The modified lattice system: An approach to the analysis and sequence of instructional objectives。Peabody Journal of Education,1977(Aug.)。
29.
Zimmerman, E. H.、Zimmerman, J.、Rusell, G. D.(1969)。Differential effects of taken reinforcement on instruction following behavior in retarded students instructed as a group。Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,2,101-112。
30.
陳榮華(19770600)。增強因素對特殊學習缺陷兒童減法運算成績之影響。教育心理學報,10,35-45。
延伸查詢
會議論文
1.
Haywood, H. C.(1968)。Psychometric motivation and the efficiency of learning and performance in the mentally retarded。The first congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency,(會議日期: September 12-20, 1967)。Surrey, England:Michael Jackson Publishing Co.。
2.
Stephens, W. B.(1971)。A Piagetion approach to arithmetic for the mentally retarded。International Meeting of the Council for Exceptional Children。Miami。
圖書
1.
陳榮華(1978)。加減運算學習層次之研究。臺北:國立台灣師範大學特教中心。
延伸查詢
2.
Gagné, R. M.(1965)。The conditions of learning。New York:Holt, Rinehart & Winston。
3.
Gagné, R. M.(1970)。The conditions of learning。New York:Holt, Rinehart & Winston。
4.
Connally, A. J.、Nachtman, W.、Pritchett, E. M.(1971)。Key Math Diagnostic Arithmetic Test。Circle Pines, Minnesota:American Guidance Services Inc.。
5.
Winer, B. J.(1971)。Statistical Principles in Experimental Design。New York:McGraw-Hill。
6.
Haring, N. G.、Schiefelbusch, R. L.(1976)。Teaching special children。New York:McGraw-Hill。
7.
Passmore, D. L.(1974)。Validation of learning hierarchies for objective-based instructional systems。Amherst, Mass.:Massachusetts University。
8.
Walbesser, Henry H.、Eisenberg, Theodore Allen(1972)。A review of research in behavioral objectives and learning hierarchies。Columbus, Ohio:Charles E. Merrill。
9.
Worley, J. C. Jr.(1973)。The establishment of learned reinforcers in mildly retarded children。Nashville, Tennessee:George Peabody College。
圖書論文
1.
Zigler, E.(1966)。Research on personality structure in the retardate。International review of research in mental retardation。N.Y.:Academic press。
2.
Kirk, S. A.(1964)。Research in education。Mental retardation: A review of research。Chicago:University of Chicago。
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