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M.(1989)。Educational technology at the crossroads: New mindsets and new directions。Educational Technology Research and Development,37(1),67-80。 | 24. | Wagner, E. D.、Reddy, N. L.(1987)。Design consideration in selecting teleconferencing for instruction。The American Journal of Distance Education,1(3),49-56。 | 25. | Stahler, D.、Shen, C. W.、Smith, E. E.(1991)。Educational technology and the schools: On the sidelines or in the ball game。Educational Technology Research and Development。 | 26. | Shen, C. W.(1991)。Using instructional system design to develop a graduate program。Educational Technology。 | 27. | Clark, Richard E.(1985)。Confounding in educational computing research。Journal of Educational Computing Research,1(2),137-148。 | 28. | Clark, R. E.(1983)。Reconsidering research on learning from media。Review of Educational Research,53(4),445-459。 | 圖書1. | Dick, W.、Reiser, R. A.(1989)。Planning effective instruction。Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall。 | 2. | Romiszowski, A. J.(1981)。Designing instructional systems。London:Kogan Page。 | 3. | Briggs, L. J.、Gustafson, K. L.、Tillman, M. H.(1991)。Instructional design: Principles and applications。Englewoods Cliffs, NJ:Educational Technology Publications。 | 4. | Association for Educational Communications and Technology(1977)。Educational Technology:Definition and glossary of terms。Washington, DC:Association for Educational Communications and Technology。 | 5. | Commission on Instructional Technology(1970)。To improve learning: A report to the President and Congress of the U. S.。Washington, DC:U. S. Government Printing Office。 | 6. | Dick, W.、Carey, L.(1990)。The systematic design of instruction。Glenview, IL:Scott, Foresman。 | 7. | Heinich, R.、Molenda, M.、Russell, J. D.(1989)。Instructional media and the new technologies of instruction。New York:Macmillan Publishing Company。 | 8. | Samuelson, W. G.、Markowitz, F. A.(1988)。An introduction to philosophy in education。New York:Philosophical Library。 | 9. | Ozmon, H. A.、Craver, S. M.(1990)。Philosophical foundations of education。Columbus, Ohio:Merrill Publishing Company。 | 10. | Kemp, Jerrold E.(1985)。The Instructional Design Process。New York:Harper & Row。 | 11. | Mayer, R. E.(1987)。Educational Psychology: A cognitive approach。Little, Brown and Company。 | 12. | 張霄亭(1988)。視聽教育與教學媒體。臺北市:五南。 延伸查詢 | 13. | Gagné, Ellen D.(1985)。The Cognitive Psychology of School Learning。Little, Brown and Company。 | 14. | Anderson, J. R.(1990)。Cognitive psychology and its implications。New York:Freeman and Company。 | 圖書論文1. | Reiser, R. A.(1987)。Instructional technology: A history。Instructional technology: Foundations。Hillsdale, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。 | 2. | Branson, R. 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