本文為關於早期美國新左派與美國民主傳統之間關係的一系列論文之第四篇。本篇雖角時討論「學生民主會」在美國北方的初期極端傑佛遜式實踐主義及「學生非暴力協調委員會」在美國南方的傑佛遜／極端傑佛遜式新左派運動，但大部份內容均涉及後者而非前者。 在全篇五部份中，僅第一部份敘述與分析「學生民主會」初期對新廢奴主義者極端傑佛遜式民權運動的一般特殊支持。此種支持一部份固然是由於直接受該運動的刺激剛形成，一部份也是因為間接受到美國極端傑佛遜式自由與平等傳統的影響而產生。 本文第二部份首先分析「學生非暴力協調委員會」在民主目的方面的激化：由傑佛遜式的（法律）平等激化成極端傑佛遜式的（政治、社會與經濟）平等。然後再分析其在民主方法面的添新：在舊的極端傑佛遜式民主方法（非暴力直接行動或群眾之集體拒絕守法）之外，增加了另一種新的極端傑佛遜式民主方法（無限制的參與性民主）。這兩種形式的民主方法一度在該會內部兩派系的支持者之間造成緊張關係。 本文第三與第四部份分別敘述「學生非暴力協調委員會」實踐參與式民主政治之兩種不同方式：（一）傑佛遜式的實踐方式：其形式表現在南方，特別是在密西西比州的投票登記運動，其目的在於從密州政治體系的內部改良該州的反傑佛遜式民主，以鼓勵成年黑人實際上行使其投票的政治權利；（二）極端傑佛遜式的實踐方法：其形式表現為一九六四年的密西西比暑季計劃，該計劃包括建立社區中心及自由學校，兩者的目的均在於促使黑人平等參與及不需領導及官僚的另一制度。 本文最後部份為從不同角度評估「學生非暴力協調委員會」極端傑佛遜實踐參與民主的努力：在各種評估中，包括對其在邊緣上獲得成功之推崇及對其在核心遭致失敗之批評。

This is the fourth essay of the series of essays on the relationships between the early American New Left and the American tradition of democracy. Though it deals with both SDS’s initial ultra-Jeffersonian activism in the North and SNCC’s Jeffersonian/ultra-Jeffersonian New Left Movement in the South, the bulk of its contents is concerned with the latter rather than the former. Among its five parts only the first one describes and analyzes SDS’s initial (general and specific) supports for the new abolitionists’ ultra-Jeffersonian civil-right movement, which were both directly stimulated by the movement and indirectly influenced by the ultra-Jeffersonian tradition of freedom and equality in America. The second part of this essay analyzes, first the radicalization of SNCC’s democratic goal from Jeffersonian (legal) equality to ultra-Jeffersonian (political, social and economic) equality and, then, SNCC’s addition of a new form of ultra-Jeffersonian means of democracy (u8nqualified participatory democracy) to its older form (nonviolent direct action or civil disobedience), which once caused internal tension between respective advocates of the two forms within SNCC. The third the fourth parts describe respectively two different practices of SNCC’s participatory democracy: (1) its Jeffersonian practice in the form of voter registration campaign in the Deep South, especially in Mississippi, which attempted to reform the anti-Jeffersonian democracy from within the Mississippi political system , encouraging adult negroes to actually exercise their political right to vote; and (2) its ultra- Jeffersonian practice in the form of the 1964 Mississippi Summer Project including establishment of community center and Freedom Schools, both of which aimed at equal participation, on the part of negroes, in alternative institutions without the need to leadership and bureaucracy. The last part of this essay contains assessments of SNCC’s ultra-Jeffersonian struggle for participatory democracy from different angles, including a praise of its success in its margin and a critique of its failure at its heart.