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題名：A Cross-Cultural Study on People's Perspectives of Intelligence
書刊名：臺中師院學報
作者：魏美惠 引用關係
出版日期：1994
卷期：8
頁次：頁73-96
主題關鍵詞：大學生；中；美；智力
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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　　　　　本調查研究的主要目的乃在比較中（包括台海兩岸）、美大學生對「智力」（Intelligence）的界定，研究採問卷調查的方式進行。而問卷的設計是依據美國學者迦得納（Gardner,1983）的多向智力（Multiple Intelligence）理論，以及史坦柏格（Sternberg,1981）對學業智力（Academic Intelligence）與日常生活智力（Practical Intelligence）的區分定義所設計完成，問卷內容以學業智力、日常生活智力及運動音樂智力為三種主要的智力類型，研究者並備有中、英文問卷以提供不同文化背景的受試者使用。本研究共有875各來自台灣、大陸及美國的大學生參與。在正式施測之前共有150人參與前驅研究（Pilot Study），以提高問卷本身的信度及效度。 　　研究結果指出（1）所有中、美學生均同意學業表現比日常生活智力及音樂運動才華更能成為衡量智力的指標。（2）中、美學生對學業智力及運動音樂智力的認同程度達到顯著的差異，台海兩岸的中國學生對此兩種智力的界定則未達顯著不同。（3）美國學生同意學業為智力指標的程度比中國學生強，而中國學生同意運動音樂才華為智力指標的程度比美國大學生強。（4）中美學生對日常生活智力的界定未達顯著差異。 　　簡言之，本研究結果顯示人們對於智力的界定會受文化因素的影響。事實上人類具有多種面向的智力與潛能，如鼓勵單一智力的發展，無形中會抹殺其它面向智力的發展機會，這在人類進化的過程中無疑不是一項損失。
　　　　　 The main purpose of this investigation was to compare and contrast Chinese and Taiwanese students' perspectives of intelligence with that of American students. A survey investigation was conducted for this study. A comprehensive literature review and four in-depth interviews with respondents from various cultural backgrounds were used to develop the survey. The literature reviews for developing this survey were primarily based on Gardner's study of multiple intelligence (1983) as well as the portion of Sternberg's theory defining practical intelligence and academic intelligence (1981). Chinese and English versions of the questionnaire were prepared for the study. Undergraduate students (N=875) from China, Taiwan and the United States participated this study. Four analysis, students were classified according to nationality, gender, and major area of study. A pilot study was conducted to modify and possible barriers to this study which might encounter during the formal study. The preliminary analysis ensured the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The findings basically supported the assumption that the perceptions of intelligence are culturally related. Different cultures, educational systems, promote the various perceptions of intelligence. Student from various cultural backgrounds viewed intelligence differently. The major findings of the investigation were: 1)all of the subjects agreed academic intelligence was a sign of intelligence more than practical and aesthetics intelligences; 2)perceptions of intelligence were found significantly different between American and Chinese (Taiwanese), but not between two Chinese societies; 3)American subjects agreed more strongly than Taiwanese and Chinese subjects that academic intelligence was a sign of intelligence, Chinese and Taiwanese subjects agreed more strongly than American subjects that aesthetics intelligence was a sign of intelligence; and 4) the perception of practical intelligence.
期刊論文
1.Gardner, H.(1987)。Developing the spectrum of human intelligence。Harvard Education Review，57，187-193。  new window
2.Berry, J. W.(1984)。Towards a universal psychology of cognitive competence。International Journal of Psychology，19，335-361。  new window
3.Berry, J. W.(1971)。Ecological and cultural factors in spatial perceptual development。Canada Journal of Behavior Science，3，324-361。  new window
4.Berry, J. W.(1966)。Temne and Eskimo perceptual skills。International Journal of Psychology，1(3)，207-229。  new window
5.Chen, M. J.、Huang, J. T.(1982)。Attributes of intelligent behavior。Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology，13。  new window
6.Binet, A.、Simon, T.(1905)。Application des méthodes nouvelles au diagnostic du niveau intellectuel chez des enfants normaux et anormaux d'hospice et d'école primaire。L'année psychologique，11(b)。  new window
7.Binet, A.、Simon, T.(1905)。Méthodes nouvelles pour le diagnostic du niveau intellectuel des anormaux。L'année psychologique，11(a)。  new window
8.Gardner, H.、Hatch, T.(‎1989)。Multiple intelligences go to school。Educational Researcher，18(8)，4-10。  new window
9.Neisser, U.(1979)。The concept of intelligence。Intelligence，3，217-227。  new window
10.Scarr, S.(1981)。Testing for children: Assessment and the many determinants of intellectual competence。American Psychologist，36。  new window
11.Sternberg, R. J.、Conway, E.、Ketron, L.、Bernstein, M.(1981)。People's Conceptions of Intelligence。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，41。  new window
12.Sternberg, R. J.(1981)。The nature of intelligence。New York University Education Quarterly，73。  new window
13.Thorndike, R. L.(1930)。Primary mental abilities。Psychometric Monographs，1。  new window
14.Terman, L. M.(1921)。Intelligence and its measurement: A symposium。Journal of Educational Psychology，12，123-147+195-216。  new window
15.Sternberg, R. J.(1984)。What should intelligence tests test? Implications of a triarchic theory of intelligence for intelligence testing。Educational Researcher，13(1)，5-15。  new window
16.McClelland, David C.(1973)。Testing for competence rather than for "intelligence"。American Psychologist，28(1)，1-14。  new window
圖書
1.Piaget, J.(1952)。The child's conception of number。London：Humanities Press。  new window
2.Piaget, J.(1967)。Six psychological studies。New York：Vintage Books。  new window
3.Amsden, A. H.(1989)。Asia's Next Giant。Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Piaget, Jean(1952)。The origins of intelligence in children。New York：International Universities Press。  new window
5.Gallagher, J. J.(1985)。Teaching the gifted child。Allyn and Bacon。  new window
6.Berry, J. W.(1976)。Human ecology and cognitive styles: Studies in cultural and psychological adaptation。New York：Sage/Halsted。  new window
7.Chang, C. Y.(1973)。The essence of Chinese Culture。Taipei：China News Press。  new window
8.Cheng, T. H.(1973)。China moulded by Confucius。Westport, Conn.：Hyperion Press。  new window
9.Price, H. H.(1969)。Belief。Allen & Unwin。  new window
10.Sternberg, R. J.(1985)。Beyond IQ。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.Wei, M. H.、MacDougall, M. A.(1989)。Proceedings of the American Evaluation Association。San Francisco。  new window
12.Gardner, H. C.(1983)。Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligence。New York：Basic Books。  new window
13.Sternberg, R. J.(1982)。Handbook of human intelligence。Cambridge University Press。  new window
單篇論文
1.Mordkowits, E. R.，Ginsburg, H. P.(1986)。The academic socialization of successful Asian-American college students，San Francisco：American Research Evaluation Association。  new window
圖書論文
1.Berry, J. W.(1972)。Radical cultural relativism and the concept of intelligence。Mental test and cultural adaptation。The Hague：Mountain Publishers。  new window
2.Berry, J. W.(1986)。A cross-cultural view of intelligence。What is intelligence。Norwood, NJ：Ablex Publishing Corporation。  new window
3.Noesjirwan, J.(1970)。Toward an understanding of the Uganda concept of intelligence。Culture and cognition: Readings in cross-cultural psychology。London：Methuen。  new window
4.Sternberg, R. J.(1986)。A framework for understanding conceptions of intelligence。What is intelligence。Norwood, NJ：Ablex Publishing Corporation。  new window
 
 
 
 
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