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題名：人文哲思精神的復歸--美國哲學發展的某些新趨勢
書刊名：哲學與文化
作者：丁子江
作者(外文)：Ding, Zijiang
出版日期：1998
卷期：25:6=289
頁次：頁537-556+590-591
主題關鍵詞：社會經驗主義；倫理實在論；倫理社區；後結構主義；後馬克思主義；元描述；意向論；Social empiricism；Ethical realism；Ethical community；Post-structualism；Post-marxism；Meta-narratives；Intentionalism
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　　　　　本世紀以來，主宰美國學院哲學殿堂的分析和科學哲學，僅在象牙塔中被哲人們賞玩於掌，品味於口。學者們以科技性、數理性、邏輯性以及語言概念遊戲性的哲思特徵，遠離社會活動和人類行為。一句話，遠離了可貴的人文哲思精神。反映人類最高理性思維活動的哲學，不可能對社會發展和變遷漠不關心。於是乎，在美國，一股向人文哲思精神復歸的清風，吹皺了哲學界的一潭滯水。一時間，關心社會和體察人生又成為各路 哲學諸侯的時尚話題。所謂人文哲思精神的復歸，主要表現為：一、「社會」本位化的哲思取向；二、「倫理」本位化的哲思取向；三、「後現代」本位化的哲思取向；四、「女權」本位化的哲思取向；五、「愛」本位化的哲思取向；六、「心」本位化的哲思取向。這六種哲思取向，從不同的側面反映了美國的哲學現狀。從整體上看，這些取向又是互相關聯、互相影響、互相涵蓋和互相滲透的。不少學者把「愛」、「心」、「倫理」以及「社會」的哲思結合在一起進行採討。有的「後現代主義」哲學家以其後現代的思想方法對以上諸方面進行探究；而有的女權哲學家則站在女權立場上，又對以上種種思想趨勢進行全面的重新估價 、批判和反思。不能否認，即便這些以人文社會為本位的哲思仍受著分析哲學、科學和邏輯語。言哲學的影響。至少可以說，美國形形色色的思潮，在相互批判、撞擊和相互對話、融合的關係中，以共存交感的方式推動美國哲學整體的發展。
　　　　　In the past century, analytic and scientific philosophy has presided over American Academia. Scholars have enjoyed mulling over these areas of philosophy from the vantage point of their ivory towers. They have played with technology, mathematics, logic and language while straying from social and humanistic philosophy. While reflecting on the highest rational aspects of philosophy, it is impossible to be apathetic about social development and change. Consequently, a resurgence of humanistic philosophy in America has caused quite a stir. A concern for humanistic and social philosophy is back in vogue in the United States. This humanistic renaissance can be summarized in the following important tendencies: 1.A reflection on social philosophy. 2.A reflection on ethics. 3.Post Modernism. 4.Feminism. 5.A reflection on love. 6.A reflection on the mind. These six tendencies form the different perspectives in contemporary American philosophy. Taken as a whole, these six tendencies have all had mutual influence and have permeated each other's thought. Many scholars have also combined philosophies of “love”, “mind”, “ethics”. and “social thought” in their ideologies. Post- Modernism philosophers have taken the above mentioned topics and approached them from a post-modernistic perspective. Feminist philosophers have also added their slant to these humanistic tendencies. It cannot be denied that humanistic philosophy in America is still influenced by logic, analytic and scientific philosophy. It could be argued, however, that all varieties of American thought have, through criticism and dialogue, combined and now co-exist in creating a complete American philosophy.
圖書
1.Churchland, P. M.(1988)。Matter and Consciousness: A contemporary introduction to the philosophy of mind。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
2.Putnam, Hilary(1988)。Representation and Reality。Cambridge, MA：Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press。  new window
3.Solomon, Robert C.(1981)。Love: Emotion, Myth and Metaphor。NY：Anchor Press。  new window
4.Branden, Nathaniel(1980)。The Psychology of Romantic Love。LA：J. P. Tracher, Inc.。  new window
5.Williams, Bernard(1985)。Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy。Cambridge, Massachusetts：Harvard University Press。  new window
6.Huyssen, Andreas(1986)。After the Great Divide: Modernism, Mass Culture, Postmodernism。Bloomington, Indianapolis：Indiana University Press。  new window
7.Grimshaw, Jean(1986)。Philosophy and feminist thinking。Minneapolis, MN：University of Minnesota Press。  new window
8.Gaothier, David P.(1986)。Morals by Agreement。Oxford University Press。  new window
9.Roemer, J.(1989)。Analytical Marxism。Oxford University Press。  new window
10.Harman, Gilbert(1977)。The nature of morality: an introduction to ethics。Oxford University Press。  new window
11.Copp, David、Zimmerman, David(1985)。Morality, Reason, and Truth: New Essays on the Foundations of Ethics。Rowman & Allanheld。  new window
12.Sterba, James P.(1988)。Morality in Practice。Wadsworth。  new window
13.Shaw, William H.、Barry, Vincent E.(1992)。Moral Issues in Business。California：Wadsworth。  new window
14.Griffiths, Morwenna、Whitford, Margaret(1988)。Feminist Perspectives in Philosophy。Indiana University Press。  new window
15.Brown, Robert(1987)。Analyzing Love。Cambridge University Press。  new window
16.Soble, Alan(1990)。The Structure of Love。Yale University Press。  new window
17.Dennett, Daniel Clement(1986)。Content and Consciousness。Routledge & Kegan Paul。  new window
18.Hofstadter, D. R.(1981)。The Mind's I: Fantasies And Reflections On Self & Soul。Basic Books。  new window
19.Jaggar, Alison M.、Bordo, Susan(1989)。Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing。New Brunswick, NJ：Rutgers University Press。  new window
20.Stich, Stephen P.(1983)。From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science: The Case Against Belief。The MIT Press。  new window
21.West, Cornel(1989)。The American evasion of philosophy: a genealogy of pragmatism。University of Wisconsin Press。  new window
22.MacIntyre, Alasdair C.(1981)。After virtue: a study in moral theory。University of Notre Dame Press。  new window
23.Nagel, Thomas(1986)。The View from Nowhere。Oxford University Press。  new window
24.Rorty, Richard(1982)。Consequences of Pragmatism。Minneapolis, MN：University of Minnesota Press。  new window
25.Hassan, Ihab Habib(1987)。The postmodern turn: essays in postmodern theory and culture。Ohio State University Press。  new window
26.Gatens, Moira(1991)。Feminism and Philosophy: Perspectives on Difference and Equality。Bloomington, Indiana：Indiana University Press。  new window
27.Harding, Sandra、Hintikka, Merrill B.(1983)。Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, and Philosophy of science。Totowa, N. J.：Rowman and Littlefield。  new window
28.Jameson, Fredric(1991)。Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism。Duke University Press。  new window
29.Culler, Jonathan(1982)。On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism。Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press。  new window
30.Young, Iris Marion(1990)。Justice and the Politics of Difference。Princeton University Press。  new window
31.Sarup, Madan(1989)。An Introductory Guide to Post-Structuralism and Postmodernism。University of Georgia Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Harvey, David(1989)。The Condition of Postmodernity: An Inquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change。Mapping the futures: Local culture, global change。Oxford：Blackwell。  new window
 
 
 
 
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