歷史的因素造成了海峽兩岸四十多年來的分隔，現實的環境開放了雙方的交流互 動。但是，由於意識形態、社會制度與生活方式的長期差異，彼此仍然存在著欲迎還拒、相 互猜疑的事實。因此，如何去異存同，使海峽兩岸政府與人民增加相互了解的機會，藉以減 輕彼此間的隔閡與疏離感，進而增進雙方的善意與互信，使兩岸關係在彼此既有善意、互信 ，又能共享利益、成果的情境中向前、向上發展，實為當今的要圖。 本論文試從思潮流向與世界趨勢的觀點，檢視社會變遷的方向，現代化的思潮，憲政主義的 民主，描繪民生主義的臺灣經濟發展成功經驗，探討共產主義對大陸社會改造失敗的因素， 再證諸世界政治經濟體制發展的新趨勢，指陳民生主義的「臺灣經驗」對中國大陸現代化的 啟示，說明亞洲世紀的來臨，「全球華人網路」的興起，它將超乎國家的力量，在二十一世 紀成為主導世界經濟的主要力量之一。基本上，臺灣與中國大陸均無法置身此一趨勢之外， 如果，地廣、人眾、物博的大陸與地狹、人稠、資金充裕的臺灣能夠和解合作，就會產生互 補、互利、共存、共榮的效果，則中國的現代化可期、中國的統一在望。

　　　　　Historical factors have caused separation of the two sides of the Taiwan Straits for over 40years, but objective environment has opened up ways for them to interchange and interact, However, due to differences in ideologies, social systems, and living standards, repulsion and distrust still exist on both sides. Therefore, the current important thing for us to do is to minimize differences, promote greater harmony, and provide more opportunities for the governments and people on both sides to understand each other. We should discard the feeling of estrangement and alienation and cultivate mutual trust and goodwill toward each other in order to ensure a mutually beneficial relationship. From the standpoint of ideological trends int he world, this paper tries to examine the direction of social changes, the modern ways of thinking, and the surging tide of consitutional democracy. It also gives an account of Taiwan's successful experience in economic development achieved under the Principle of the People's Livelihood and makes an analysis of the factors for the failure of communist social reforms on mainland China. Using the current developmental trends in the world's political and economic systems as evidences, it points out that the "Taiwan experience" could be a revelation to mainland China in her effort for modernization. With the anticipated advent of an "Asian Era," a "global Chinese economic network" can be a dominant economic force in the world in the 21st century. Both Taiwan and mainland China will have to be involved in this network. If the vast and populous mainland, with an abundance of natural resources, should cooperate with Taiwan, which is densely populated, devoid of natural resources, but well stocked with capital, they can surely attain the objective of mutual benefit and co-prosperity. At that time, modernization in mainland China will be in sight, and unification of China will be within reach.