本文討論壯年時代馬克思的自由觀與解放觀，首述他1857/1858所撰遺稿「綱要」 有關人類由墮落、覺悟而獲拯救的歷程，從面一窺他對諧和一致、分裂鬥爭與重 歸和平協同的人類史觀。在資本主義體制下，人追求財富金錢的自由，取代了其他活動的自由，人陷入物化、金錢奴役之下。不只貨幣對現代人的桎梏，就是金 錢活動頻繁的場域──市場，也成為人類從異化發展到被剝削的所在。「資本論」（1857）成為馬克思發揮資本主義透過金錢與市場對人類凌虐與剝削的學說，也是說明人如何從物的倚賴，物化的不自由走向解放之途。馬克思在「資本論」中闡明現代人從必然的領域躍進自由的領域之因由。本文作者在結論中指陳馬克思自由觀與解放觀的弊端，便是強調真正的自由是從必然的領域中湧出，遂造成其後共產政權對經濟的完全控制，對個人生產、交易和消費的徹底干涉。計畫經濟的推行必然造成個人與社群自由的壓制，這與馬克思理想的社群觀完全衝突不牟。

　　　　　This treatise deals with Marx's idea of human liberation during the time he composed the manuscripts of the Grundrisse (1857/58) and published his magnum opus Das Kapital (1867). It began to expose the basic theme of the Grundrisse as the process of human down full, redemption and salvation. It followed by the analysis of Marx's Capital in which he envisioned that man's loss of freedom and his bondage to an alien material world arose out of his endless pursuit of wealth in terms of money gathering and capital accumulation. Thus, instead of dwelling on division of labor and alienation, the mature Marx treated the exploitation of labor by capital and the enslavemant of man by market forces as the causes of human misery in capitalism. However, he predicted that man's leap from the realm of necessity to that of freedom is an inevitable evolution and destination of the humankind. The essay discusses this part of Marx's argument. In conclusion, Marx's views of man's emancipation is briefly evaluated and adequately criticized.