1905年日俄戰後，清廷展開一系列的改革運動，諸如憲政、司法、軍事、社會福利與邊政改革等。民間菁英份子也更積極的推動一系列的宣傳與改革運動。在這些改革方案、奏摺、上諭、宣傳等文件中，都開宗明義的直指日俄戰爭，或言其恥辱，或言其教訓，或言日勝俄敗之因等。足見這波朝野的改革運動與日俄戰爭關係之密切，然日前學者多集中注意於改革運動之本身，對晚清朝野因戰爭而產生的省思與回應，及其對日後改革運動走向之影響，卻鮮有綜觀性的探索。 本文即擬就當時的諸多的官方文件、重要彊吏之奏議，以及在野的一些報刊雜誌等，作一概括性的蒐索，藉以略窺當時朝野對日俄戰爭省思的趨勢。此外就回應與改革部份，本文擬著重於鮮為人注意的民心、民氣、民力觀念，軍國主義的興起，以及由此些觀念而開展的人民運動、社會福利政策的雛形、軍政暨軍事專業化的改革，乃至實邊等運動的推展。 　　經由檢索資料後，本文認為：日俄戰爭在中國的影響力，也許不是劃時代的，然對於日後中國近現代史中的許多歷史發展，卻具有啟發性以及再確定、催化的功能。其次，在改革的走向方面，由於朝野俱相信日本的勝利並非源於兵工科技的先進，而是源於精神、士氣與團結等人文方面的因素，這也導致日後的改革路線較偏重人文與集體主義。

　　　　　While both Ch'ing official and social were embarrassed by China's neutral status during the Russo-Japanese War of 1905-06, which was fought in Machuria, they carefully watched and reevaluated taht occurrence. They conclueded that not merely technologic strength but also morale and unity accounted for Japanese victory; morale and unity would be helpful to mobilize the mass to revitalize the nation. How the elite to reformulate their perspectives from the Russo-Japanese War is one topic of this article Another topic is the reactions the elite took after introspection. Owing to such kind of relflection and reaction, the trend of late imperial reform movements changed. Technologic build-up still maintained its stand, but more attention was added to the political, soical, managerial, and civil reforms, such as constitutionalism, populist and militarist movements, social welfare reforms, military managerial reforms, and activism toward frontiers. As most previous scholars laid stress on the constitutionalist reforms, this article, by overlooking a lot of documents, public press, literary collections, and so on, would like to discuss other reform movements for the purpose to redress the balance.