本文所論述的是指一群在某些情境下可以說話，但在其它特定的情境下無法說話的 兒童，醫學上稱之為選擇性緘默症 (Elective Mutism)。由於其溝通障礙的表現與一般普為 人知約兒童語言溝通障礙行為有特殊不同之處，因此也較少人瞭解而不受重視。在本論述中 ，筆者分別依選擇性緘默症的語言溝通表現行為特質、醫學診斷、發生原因、以及可採行之 治療輔導對策一一件探討。期望國內從事兒童溝通障礙問題之醫療與教育輔導工作者，能夠 重視這群兒童的問題，並適時地提供幫忙與協助。

　　　　　It is interesting that there are some children Who do not speak constantly for a long time in some specific situations. Medicallg, We call it as Elective Mutism(EM). Because the characteristics of EM are different form typical communicative disorders, few people have idea about it and pay attention to it. We will focus this article on discussing the characteristics、diagnosis、 Causes and treatments of EM children. The purpose of this study is for medical and educational workers who are involved in the study of communicative disorders in children can pay attention to the problems of these children and offer assistances at the right time.