當前我國環境污染問題較為突出,已開始影響社會經濟的可持續發展與民眾的日常生活。環境治理的政策實施與技術應用往往以自上而下的方式在地域社會得以執行,但決定其執行效果的關鍵卻與民眾的參與程度密切相關。以大理洱海為例,在厘清公眾利用水資源的傳統模式與當下面臨的困境的基礎上,指出促成公眾自主參與傳統社區自然資源管理的有效路徑在于:尊重民間知識并保障民眾利益,即通過協商共議、自下而上的方式將民眾意愿、社區內部資源管理機制反映到政府決策層面,并以此保障民眾公平、合理利用社區自然資源的權益。

At present,China’s environmental pollution issue has become so prominent that it has begun to affect the sustainable development of social economy and people’s daily life.Policy implementation and technology application of environmental governance are often carried out in a top-down manner in the local communities but the key to determining the effect of implementation is closely related to people’s participation.Contrary to previous studies,this paper focuses on the autonomous participation capacities of local communities through the case study of Erhai Lake located in Dali.On the basis of clarifying the traditional pattern of public use of water resources and the predicament faced at present,this paper points out that the effective way to promote public autonomous participation in traditional natural resources management is to respect the folk knowledge and protect the interests of the public,that is,through negotiation and the bottom-up approach,the public will and the community resources management mechanism are to be reflected on the level of government decision-making,and ensure the public rights and interests of using community natural resources fairly and rationally.