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題名:論西方社會種族主義與奴隸制中的非人化
書刊名:世界民族
作者:梅祖蓉
出版日期:2017
卷期:2017(5)
頁次:14-26
主題關鍵詞:種族主義與奴隸制人與動物非人化西方社會
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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非人化,在西方社會,作為種族主義與奴隸制的一種運行機制,內隱著深刻的哲學、宗教與人類學背景。它是"自我"與"他者"的界分發展到極端化的產物。人在宇宙中占據獨特而優越的地位以及萬物為用、人為中心的世界觀,均為非人化的理論形成提供了哲學與宗教上的淵源。人一旦被視為動物,就容易被當做動物來對待,非人化從理論轉入實踐的過程由此展開。其結果直接導致奴隸制中的財產論、種族主義與奴隸制中的暴力論。經歷長期非人化過程的人群,往往會將非人化機制主動內化,從而形成有助于奴隸制與種族主義正當化的理想類型的奴隸,以及人格矮化的奴隸文化。
As an important mechanism for racialism and slavery in Western societies,"dehumanization"is deeply rooted in Western philosophy and its religions as well as knowledge from anthropology. It is an extreme development of the boundary between "us " and "the other". However,in the Western world,the belief of human uniqueness and superiority to all other creatures and the theory that all things are created for the benefit of humans and should be used by humans have offered philosophical and religious sources of origin for the formation of"dehumanization". Once a group of people are seen to be close to animals,they are likely to be treated as animals. Thereby begins the practice of dehumanization. Direct consequences of dehumanization include: slaves institutionalized as properties,racism,and violence against people who are viewed as sub-human. Groups of people who have been dehumanized for extended periods of time often automatically internalize the mechanism of dehumanization and thus become "the ideal slaves"that assist justification of slavery and racism as well as a culture of slaves with reduced personhood.
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